A stoma can be considered in patients with faecal incontinence, for patients with refractory symptoms Very low level of evidence Pre-operative stoma education can be considered in patients who will undergo stoma formation Good Practice Statement, ungraded DIAGNOSIS (Continued) A colonoscopy could be used to rule out anatomical causes (i.e. anastomotic stenosis, local recurrence) Very low level of evidence; upgraded by the GDG (see evidence to decision framework in Supporting Information S2: Appendix 2) Anorectal manometry alone should not be used as a diagnostic modality in patients. Very low level of evidence Health care professionals should use a validated questionnaire in order to evaluate gastrointestinal symptoms. Questionnaires to consider are: Vaizey, Wexner, FIQL, EORTC QLQ C30, EORTC QLQ CR29, LARS score or chronic pain score. Even with very low level of evidence, expert opinion encourages use of validated questionnaires Very low level of evidence FIRST-LINE TREATMENT