Low Anxiety Males Display Higher Degree of Salt Sensitivity, Increased Autonomic Reactivity, and Higher Defensiveness

Zimmermann-Viehoff, Frank; Weber, Cora; Merswolken, Melanie; Rudat, Miriam; Deter, Hans‐Christian

doi:10.1038/ajh.2008.300

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…It should be noted that the mean TA scores of the three groups were similar to scores obtained with similar categorization methods [ 3 ] and with different categorization methods (quartiles) [ 64 ]. Moreover, the mean TA scores of our samples are comparable to the TA scores of average Chinese college students.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Trait Anxiety Has Effect on Decision Making under Ambiguity but Not Decision Making under Risk

et al. 2015

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Previous studies have reported that trait anxiety (TA) affects decision making. However, results remain largely inconsistent across studies. The aim of the current study was to further address the interaction between TA and decision making. 304 subjects without depression from a sample consisting of 642 participants were grouped into high TA (HTA), medium TA (MTA) and low TA (LTA) groups based on their TA scores from State Trait Anxiety Inventory. All subjects were assessed with the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) that measures decision making under ambiguity and the Game of Dice Task (GDT) that measures decision making under risk. While the HTA and LTA groups performed worse on the IGT compared to the MTA group, performances on the GDT between the three groups did not differ. Furthermore, the LTA and HTA groups showed different individual deck level preferences in the IGT: the former showed a preference for deck B indicating that these subjects focused more on the magnitude of rewards, and the latter showed a preference for deck A indicating significant decision making impairment. Our findings suggest that trait anxiety has effect on decision making under ambiguity but not decision making under risk and different levels of trait anxiety related differently to individual deck level preferences in the IGT.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Trait Anxiety Has Effect on Decision Making under Ambiguity but Not Decision Making under Risk

et al. 2015

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“…The manometer test is a well-established standardised computer-based information processing task performed under time pressure (Buchholz et al 2003;Deter et al 2001;Weber et al 2007Weber et al , 2008Zimmermann-Viehoff et al 2008). All tests and instructions were given on a computer monitor.…”

Section: Manometer Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low vagal tone is associated with impaired post stress recovery of cardiovascular, endocrine, and immune markers

et al. 2010

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Reduced heart rate variability (HRV) and delayed blood pressure recovery are associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Besides this evident link, the vagus is thought to play an inhibitory role in the regulation of other allostatic systems, including inflammation and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. However, human evidence is scarce. To further explore these associations and with special regard to the postulated mediating role of the vagus, we hypothesised that subjects with low vagal tone as indexed by reduced resting HRV would show impaired post-stress recovery of cardiovascular, endocrine and immune system markers involved in cardiovascular pathology. 44 healthy men underwent a standardised mental stress test. Besides continuous measurement of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), heart rate (HR), and HRV serum cortisol, tumour necrosis factoralpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured before, after, 20, and 60 min after stress. Low versus high HRV groups was defined by median split on resting HRV (RMSSD). The task elicited significant time effects for SBP, DBP, HR, HRV, cortisol, and TNF-alpha. Subjects with low baseline HRV showed almost no modulation of HRV coupled with overall reduced HRV levels, and impaired recovery of DBP, cortisol, and TNF-alpha. Confirming our hypothesis, low vagal tone was associated with impaired recovery of cardiovascular, endocrine, and immune markers in healthy males. The data support an inhibitory role of the vagus in the regulation of allostatic systems as described in the neurovisceral integration model. We posit reduced resting HRV as a risk marker for future cardiovascular and other stress-related disease.

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“…This cutoff was found to be the median for trait anxiety in a previous study involving young healthy males recruited in Berlin. 28 We decided to recruit subjects with elevated trait anxiety because we assumed that such subjects would be characterized by a higher desire for anxiety relief, possibly increasing their proneness to respond to a placebo intervention aimed to reduce stress and anxiety. This assumption was based on findings from placebo analgesia studies, where desire for pain relief was shown to contribute significantly to the variance in placebo responses.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of a Suggestive Placebo Intervention on Psychobiological Responses to Social Stress

Zimmermann-Viehoff

Steckhan

Meißner

et al. 2015

J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med

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We tested the hypothesis that a suggestive placebo intervention can reduce the subjective and neurobiological stress response to psychosocial stress. Fifty-four healthy male subjects with elevated levels of trait anxiety were randomly assigned in a 4:4:1 fashion to receive either no treatment (n = 24), a placebo pill (n = 24), or a herbal drug (n = 6) before undergoing a stress test. We repeatedly measured psychological variables as well as salivary cortisol, alpha-amylase, and heart rate variability prior to and following the stress test. The stressor increased subjective stress and anxiety, salivary cortisol, and alpha-amylase, and decreased heart rate variability (all P < .001). However, no significant differences between subjects receiving placebo or no treatment were found. Subjects receiving placebo showed increased wakefulness during the stress test compared with no-treatment controls (P < .001). Thus, the suggestive placebo intervention increased alertness, but modulated neither subjective stress and anxiety nor the physiological response to psychosocial stress.

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Low Anxiety Males Display Higher Degree of Salt Sensitivity, Increased Autonomic Reactivity, and Higher Defensiveness

Cited by 13 publications

References 33 publications

Trait Anxiety Has Effect on Decision Making under Ambiguity but Not Decision Making under Risk

Trait Anxiety Has Effect on Decision Making under Ambiguity but Not Decision Making under Risk

Low vagal tone is associated with impaired post stress recovery of cardiovascular, endocrine, and immune markers

Influence of a Suggestive Placebo Intervention on Psychobiological Responses to Social Stress

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