Low assets and financial stressors associated with higher depression during COVID-19 in a nationally representative sample of US adults

Ettman, Catherine K.; Abdalla, Salma M; Cohen, Gregory H.; Sampson, Laura; Vivier, Patrick M.; Galea, Sandro

doi:10.1136/jech-2020-215213

Cited by 121 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Hong Kong people could face more challenges in maintaining their standard of living during such a hard time than their counterparts in other more developed cities in the UK or the US. Access to liquid and physical assets such as savings and properties could have a strong buffering effect on the negative mental health impact of unrest and COVID-19 stressors beyond SES among Hong Kong citizens [ 22 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analyses were performed among respondents with low and high assets, respectively. In addition, giving the direct role of assets in protecting against mental health problems during the current COVID-19 pandemic [ 22 ], we also tested the interaction effects between stress group and assets on probable anxiety and depression to compare the stress group-outcome associations between low and high assets. Adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) indicated the associations of demographic and socioeconomic variables and the stress variables with each outcome.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Civil unrest, COVID-19 stressors, anxiety, and depression in the acute phase of the pandemic: a population-based study in Hong Kong

Hou

Lee

Liang

et al. 2021

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

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Purpose To examine the joint associations of civil unrest and COVID-19 with probable anxiety and depression during the first half of 2020 in Hong Kong. Associations were compared between persons with low or high assets. Methods A population-representative sample of 4011 Hong Kong Chinese residents aged 15 years or older were recruited between February and May 2020. Respondents reported current anxiety and depressive symptoms, unrest stress, COVID-19 stress, assets (savings and home ownership), and demographics. Results Stress due to unrest and COVID-19 was associated with higher prevalence of probable anxiety and depression; persons with both stressors had higher prevalence. This pattern was consistent among persons with low or high assets, but the probabilities of mental disorder were substantially higher among persons with fewer assets. Conclusions The effect of stressors on probable anxiety and depression are cumulative: persons with stress due to civil unrest and to COVID-19 reported more mental disorders than persons with stress due to only one, or none of these factors. Overall high assets appear to buffer the consequences of stressors, lowering the risk of mental disorder. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00127-021-02037-5.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Civil unrest, COVID-19 stressors, anxiety, and depression in the acute phase of the pandemic: a population-based study in Hong Kong

Hou

Lee

Liang

et al. 2021

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

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“…Multiple studies link social background and anxiety among students (Lederer et al, 2020;Myhr et al, 2020;Shadmi et al, 2020). More specifically, COVID-19 related anxiety has been associated with demographic variables such as age (Moghanibashi-Mansourieh, 2020;Shevlin et al, 2020;Solomou & Constantinidou, 2020;Tee et al, 2020), gender (Hou et al, 2020;McElroy et al, 2020;Tee et al, 2020), and economic status (Ettman et al, 2020;Poudel & Subedi, 2020;Wang & Tang, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demographic, gadget and internet profiles as determinants of disease and consequence related COVID-19 anxiety among Filipino college students

Cleofas

Rocha

2021

Educ Inf Technol

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In the context of the nationwide shift to online learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic and its possible effect on mental health, this study investigated the relationship between demographic, gadget and Internet profiles, and disease and consequence related COVID-19 anxiety among Filipino college students. This is a quantitative cross-sectional study. A total of 952 students participated in the online survey. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to draw insights from the data. Findings suggest that majority of the student respondents had high levels of disease and consequence related COVID-19 anxiety. Students from poorer households, who do not own laptops and desktop computers, and those with limited Internet connection exhibited higher levels of disease-related COVID-19 anxiety. Younger, poorer, female students who were enrolled in lower year levels, do not own laptops or tablets, and have limited or borrowed Internet connectivity demonstrated higher levels of consequence-related COVID-19 anxiety.

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“…This is likely to have been felt most severely for socioeconomically disadvantaged groups, given known inequities in access to green and blue spaces [22][23][24][25]. Furthermore, since ability to work from home was skewed towards more affluent groups [26], people on low incomes and/or experiencing financial difficulties who already tend to be in disproportionately poor health [27,28] may have experienced a double disadvantage with comparatively poorer access and less time to visit green and/or blue spaces relative to their more affluent counterparts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time for ‘Green’ during COVID-19? Inequities in Green and Blue Space Access, Visitation and Felt Benefits

Astell-Burt

Feng

2021

IJERPH

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We hypothesized that visits to green and blue spaces may have enabled respite, connection and exercise during the COVID-19 pandemic, but such benefits might have been inequitably distributed due to differences in financial difficulties, opportunities to work from home, and localized restrictions in spatial mobility generated by ‘lockdowns’. A nationally representative online and telephone survey conducted in 12–26 October on the Social Research Centre’s Life in AustraliaTM panel (aged ≥ 18 y, 78.8% response, N = 3043) asked about access, visitation, and felt benefits from green and/or blue spaces. Increasing financial difficulty was associated with less time in and fewer visits to green and/or blue spaces, as well as fewer different types visited. Financial difficulty was also associated with feelings that visits to green and/or blue space had less benefit for maintaining social connection. Working from home was associated with more frequent and longer visitation to green and/or blue spaces, as well as discovery of ones previously unvisited. Working from home was also associated with increased levels of exercise and respite resulting from visits to green and/or blue spaces. Residents of Melbourne, a city of 4.9 million who were in ‘lockdown’ at the time of the survey, appeared more likely to benefit from visits to green and/or blue spaces than residents of Sydney, Australia’s largest city at 5.2 million, who were not in lockdown. Residents of Melbourne compared with Sydney reported consistently increased visitation of, discovery of, and greater levels of various felt benefits derived from green and/or blue spaces, including more respite, connection, and exercise. Comparatively shorter distances to preferred green and/or blue spaces and closure of alternative settings at the time of the survey completion in Melbourne compared with Sydney may provide partial explanation, though more acute responses to experiencing green and/or blue spaces within highly cognitively demanding antecedent conditions posed by lockdown are also plausible and warrant further investigation with other health indicators. These results were robust to adjustment for a range of covariates including preferences for natural settings, which were consistently associated with greater levels of green and/or blue space visitation and felt benefits. Collectively, these results indicate that parallel efforts to generate (or renew) felt connection to natural settings, to increase working from home opportunities, and to mitigate financial difficulties may be important to help maximize the population health benefits of urban planning strategies intended to improve the availability of, and to reduce inequities in access to, green and blue spaces. Benefits felt more commonly by people living through lockdown underlines the role previous investments in green and blue space have played in enabling coping during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Low assets and financial stressors associated with higher depression during COVID-19 in a nationally representative sample of US adults

Cited by 121 publications

References 48 publications

Civil unrest, COVID-19 stressors, anxiety, and depression in the acute phase of the pandemic: a population-based study in Hong Kong

Civil unrest, COVID-19 stressors, anxiety, and depression in the acute phase of the pandemic: a population-based study in Hong Kong

Demographic, gadget and internet profiles as determinants of disease and consequence related COVID-19 anxiety among Filipino college students

Time for ‘Green’ during COVID-19? Inequities in Green and Blue Space Access, Visitation and Felt Benefits

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