Low birthweight in New York city and upstate New York following the events of September 11th

Eskenazi, Brenda; Marks, Amy R.; Catalano, Ralph; Bruckner, Tim A.; Toniolo, Paolo

doi:10.1093/humrep/dem301

Cited by 151 publications

(140 citation statements)

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“…According to this hypothesis, maternal physiology would dampen the negative consequences of stress as pregnancy progresses, with little impact in the final stage of pregnancy (de Weeth and Buitelaar, 2005). However, studies analysing the stage of gestation at which stress is more critical have generated inconsistent and somewhat equivocal results (Eskenazi et al, 2007). Levels of maternal plasma CRH in the early part of the third trimester of pregnancy were also significantly associated with intrauterine growth restriction at term after controlling for the effects of other obstetric risk factors associated with IUGR (Wadhwa et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the economic crisis affecting birth outcome in Spain? Evaluation of temporal trend in underweight at birth (2003–2012)

Varea

Terán

Bernis

et al. 2016

Annals of Human Biology

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Background: There is a growing evidence of the impact of the current European economic crisis on health. In Spain since 2008 there have been increasing levels of impoverishment and inequality, and important cuts in social services, including per capita spending on healthcare. Aim:The objective is to evaluate the impact of the economic crisis on underweight at birth in Spain. Results and conclusions:Results demonstrate a significant increase in the prevalence of underweight at birth as from 2008. All maternal-foetal categories were affected, including those which showed the lowest prevalence before the crisis. In the full adjusted logistic regression, year-on-year GDP per capita remains predictive on underweight at birth risk, in such a way that the fall in GDP between 2007 and 2012 determined an increase of the OR of underweight at birth by 6.63%. Previous trends in maternal socio-demographic profile and a direct impact of the crisis are discussed to explain the trends described.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the economic crisis affecting birth outcome in Spain? Evaluation of temporal trend in underweight at birth (2003–2012)

Varea

Terán

Bernis

et al. 2016

Annals of Human Biology

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“…The risk of very low birth weight increased during the week following September 11 in New York City (Eskenazi et al 2007). And, throughout New York state, fetuses who were in early or middle pregnancy at the time of the attack had an elevated risk of very low birth weight (Eskenazi et al 2007). Arabic-named women also showed elevated risk of preterm and low weight birth after the attacks (Lauderdale 2006).…”

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confidence: 99%

Fear itself: The effects of distressing economic news on birth outcomes

Carlson

2015

Journal of Health Economics

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I use new administrative data on mass layoffs and plant closings to study the effects of distressing economic news. Exposure to stressful events during pregnancy can impair fetal development. I find that announcement of impending job losses leads to a transient decrease in the mean birth weight within the firm's county 1-4 months before the job losses. A loss of 500 jobs corresponds roughly to a decrease of 15-20 grams and 16 percent greater risk of low birth weight. Further analyses show that the initial effect results from curtailment of gestation, while slower intrauterine growth plays a later role.

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“…Overwhelming evidence derived from human studies dating back more than two decades and encompassing six continents now links development under suboptimal intrauterine conditions with low birth weight and increased rates of coronary heart disease and the metabolic syndrome (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). Epidemiologic studies relating the type of suboptimal intrauterine condition with physiological dysfunction in later life have largely focused on human populations undergoing alterations in maternal nutrition or on human pregnancy affected by maternal psychological stress or by exposure to stress hormones (9)(10)(11). This focus on the nutrient supply to the fetus or on maternofetal stress in humans is supported by a large number of investigations in experimental animal models demonstrating that cardiovascular dysfunction in adulthood can be programmed in pregnancy by inappropriate nutrition or by exposure to glucocorticoid excess (1,12,13).…”

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confidence: 99%

Graduated effects of high-altitude hypoxia and highland ancestry on birth size

et al. 2013

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Background: We present a cohort of ca. 25,000 birth records from Bolivia of men and women who are currently adults. We used this cohort to test the hypothesis that high altitude reduces birth weight and that highland ancestry confers graduated protection against this effect. Methods: Birth records were obtained from obstetric clinics and hospitals in La Paz (3,600 m) and Santa Cruz (420 m). Only singleton, healthy term (>37 wk) pregnancies of nonsmoking mothers were included. Andean, Mestizo, or European ancestry was determined by validated analysis of parental surnames. results: High altitude reduced body weight (3,396 ± 3 vs. 3,090 ± 6 g) and length (50.8 ± 0 vs. 48.7 ± 0 cm) at birth (P < 0.001). Highland ancestry partially protected against the effects of high altitude on birth weight (Andean = 3,148 ± 15 g; Mestizo = 3,081 ± 6 g; and European = 2,957 ± 32 g; trend P < 0.001) but not on birth length. The effects of high-altitude pregnancy on birth size were similar for male and female babies. conclusion: High altitude reduces birth weight and highland native ancestry confers graduated protection. Given previous studies linking reduced birth weight with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, further study is warranted to test whether adults from high-altitude pregnancy are at increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease.i n addition to the interaction between our genetic makeup and traditional lifestyle risk factors, such as smoking and obesity, it is now accepted that the quality of the environment in prenatal life programs cardiovascular health and the risk of developing heart disease (1). Overwhelming evidence derived from human studies dating back more than two decades and encompassing six continents now links development under suboptimal intrauterine conditions with low birth weight and increased rates of coronary heart disease and the metabolic syndrome (2-8). Epidemiologic studies relating the type of suboptimal intrauterine condition with physiological dysfunction in later life have largely focused on human populations undergoing alterations in maternal nutrition or on human pregnancy affected by maternal psychological stress or by exposure to stress hormones (9-11). This focus on the nutrient supply to the fetus or on maternofetal stress in humans is supported by a large number of investigations in experimental animal models demonstrating that cardiovascular dysfunction in adulthood can be programmed in pregnancy by inappropriate nutrition or by exposure to glucocorticoid excess (1,12,13).In addition to the alterations in maternal nutrition and maternal stress, fetal hypoxia is one of the most common suboptimal conditions in complicated pregnancy. More than 140 million people live at altitudes >2,500 m where lowered oxygen availability has been shown to reduce fetal growth and birth weight, thus comprising the largest single human group at risk for fetal growth restriction. Of note, multigenerational highaltitude populations demonstrate protection against the effects of high-altitude hypoxi...

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Low birthweight in New York city and upstate New York following the events of September 11th

Cited by 151 publications

References 34 publications

Is the economic crisis affecting birth outcome in Spain? Evaluation of temporal trend in underweight at birth (2003–2012)

Is the economic crisis affecting birth outcome in Spain? Evaluation of temporal trend in underweight at birth (2003–2012)

Fear itself: The effects of distressing economic news on birth outcomes

Graduated effects of high-altitude hypoxia and highland ancestry on birth size

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