Low bone mass and fast rate of bone loss at menopause: Equal risk factors for future fracture: A 15-year follow-up Study

Riis, Bente Juel; Hansen, M.A.; Jensen, Alexandria; Overgaard, Karsten; Christiansen, Claus

doi:10.1016/8756-3282(96)00102-0

Cited by 247 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Some studies have demonstrated an association of declines in BMD with increased fracture risk independent of baseline BMD (5,17). In addition, biochemical markers demonstrating higher rates of bone turnover also predict fracture risk independent of BMD in some studies (18)(19)(20)(21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Larger increases in bone mineral density during alendronate therapy are associated with a lower risk of new vertebral fractures in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis

Hochberg

Ross

Black

et al. 1999

Arthritis & Rheumatism

265

110

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Larger increases in bone mineral density during alendronate therapy are associated with a lower risk of new vertebral fractures in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis

Hochberg

Ross

Black

et al. 1999

Arthritis & Rheumatism

265

110

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“…At least 90% of peak bone mass (the maximum bone mass attained by an individual) is obtained by the age of 18 5. Postmenopausal bone mineral density is a function of peak bone mass and the rate of subsequent bone loss,6 which are equally important risk factors for fracture in later life 7. Thus, intervention in childhood to maximise peak bone mass by improving modifiable factors such as diet and physical activity8 might minimise the impact of bone loss related to age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of calcium supplementation on bone density in healthy children: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Winzenberg

Shaw²,

Fryer

et al. 2006

BMJ

207

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Objectives To assess the effectiveness of calcium supplementation for improving bone mineral density in healthy children and to determine if any effect is modified by other factors and persists after supplementation stops. Design Meta-analysis. Data sources Electronic bibliographic databases, hand searching of conference proceedings, and contacting authors for unpublished data. Review methods We included randomised placebo controlled trials of calcium supplementation in healthy children that lasted at least three months and had bone outcomes measured after at least six months of follow-up. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed quality. Meta-analyses predominantly used fixed effects models with outcomes given as standardised mean differences. Results We included 19 studies involving 2859 children. Calcium supplementation had no effect on bone mineral density at the femoral neck or lumbar spine. There was a small effect on total body bone mineral content (standardised mean difference 0.14, 95% confidence interval 0.01 to 0.27) and upper limb bone mineral density (0.14, 0.04 to 0.24). This effect persisted after the end of supplementation only at the upper limb (0.14, 0.01 to 0.28). There was no evidence that sex, baseline calcium intake, pubertal stage, ethnicity, or level of physical activity modified the effect. Conclusions The small effect of calcium supplementation on bone mineral density in the upper limb is unlikely to reduce the risk of fracture, either in childhood or later life, to a degree of major public health importance.

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“…14 17 This implies that cartilage development may be important in the pathogenesis of knee osteoarthritis in later life, similar to the known relation between peak bone mass and fracture risk. 18 However, noncartilage factors may also be involved. Recent studies have suggested that bone density is important in the development of knee osteoarthritis 19 and is greater in the offspring of people with this condition, 20 while muscle strength may be a risk factor for incident knee osteoarthritis.…”

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confidence: 99%

Genetic mechanisms of knee osteoarthritis: a population based case-control study

Jones

Ding

Scott

et al. 2004

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases

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Objective: To compare subjects who had at least one parent with a total knee replacement for severe primary knee osteoarthritis with age and sex matched controls who had no family history of knee osteoarthritis Design: Population based case-control study of 188 matched pairs (mean age 45 years, range 26 to 60). Methods: Articular cartilage volume and bone size were determined at the patella and at the medial tibial and lateral tibial compartments by processing images acquired using T1 weighted, fat saturated magnetic resonance imaging. Radiographic osteoarthritis (ROA) was assessed from a standing semiflexed radiograph scored for joint space narrowing and osteophytosis. Knee pain was assessed by questionnaire. Height, weight, body mass index (BMI), lower limb muscle strength, and endurance fitness were measured by standard protocols. Results: Compared with the controls, index offspring had higher BMI (27.8 v 26.0 kg/m 2 , p = 0.02), weaker lower limb muscles (127 v 135 kg, p = 0.006), more knee pain (47% v 22%, p,0.001), and greater medial tibial bone area (17.6 v 17.1 cm 2 , p = 0.01). With the exception of BMI, these differences persisted in multivariate analysis. There was a non-significant trend to higher cartilage volume at tibial sites and increased ROA in the offspring in the total and subgroup analyses, but no difference in height and endurance fitness. Conclusions: BMI, muscle strength, knee pain, and medial tibial bone area, but not cartilage volume, appear to play a role in the genetic regulation and development of knee osteoarthritis.

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Low bone mass and fast rate of bone loss at menopause: Equal risk factors for future fracture: A 15-year follow-up Study

Cited by 247 publications

References 18 publications

Larger increases in bone mineral density during alendronate therapy are associated with a lower risk of new vertebral fractures in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis

Larger increases in bone mineral density during alendronate therapy are associated with a lower risk of new vertebral fractures in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis

Effects of calcium supplementation on bone density in healthy children: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Genetic mechanisms of knee osteoarthritis: a population based case-control study

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