Low calcium and vitamin D intake in healthy children and adolescents and their correlates

Salamoun, Mariana; Kizirian, A S; Tannous, R. I.; Nabulsi, Mona; Choucair, Mahmoud; Deeb, Mary; Fuleihan, Ghada A. El-Hajj

doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602056

Cited by 108 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…These and other studies emphasize the need for urgent measures such as vitamin D supplementation in some food items like milk. The major causes of vitamin D deficiency in the local population are most probably low intake and inadequate supplements in addition to low sun exposure 2122. Another possible contributing cause may be related to accelerated metabolism of vitamin D seen in certain ethnic groups 23…”

Section: The Role Of Vitamin D Deficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Updated Recommendations for the Diagnosis and Management of Osteoporosis: A Local Perspective

Raef

Al-Bugami

Balharith

et al. 2011

Annals of Saudi Medicine

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Postmenopausal osteoporosis and osteoporosis in elderly men are major health problems, with a significant medical and economic burden. Although osteopenia and osteoporosis are more common locally than in the West, fracture rates are generally less than in Western countries. Vitamin D deficiency is common in the region and contributes adversely to bone health. Vitamin D deficiency should be suspected and treated in all subjects with ostopenia or osteoporosis. The use of risk factors to determine fracture risk has been adopted by the World Health Organization and many international societies. Absolute fracture risk methodology improves the use of resources by targeting subjects at higher risk of fractures for screening and management. The King Faisal Specialist Hospital Osteoporosis Working Group recommends screening for women 65 years and older and for men 70 years and older. Younger subjects with clinical risk factors and persons with clinical evidence of osteoporosis or diseases leading to osteoporosis should also be screened. These guidelines provide recommendations for treatment for postmenopausal women and men older than 50 years presenting with osteoporotic fractures for persons having osteoporosis—after excluding secondary causes—or for persons having low bone mass and a high risk for fracture. The Working Group has suggested an algorithm to use at King Faisal Specialist Hospital that is based on the availability, cost, and level of evidence of various therapeutic modalities. Adequate calcium and vitamin D supplement are recommended for all. Weekly alendronate (in the absence of contraindications) is recommended as first-line therapy. Alternatives to alendronate are raloxifene or strontium ranelate. Second-line therapies are zoledronic acid intravenously once yearly, when oral therapy is not feasible or complicated by side effects, or teriparatide in established osteoporosis with fractures.

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Section: The Role Of Vitamin D Deficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Updated Recommendations for the Diagnosis and Management of Osteoporosis: A Local Perspective

Raef

Al-Bugami

Balharith

et al. 2011

Annals of Saudi Medicine

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“…Podemos citar alguns estudos que demonstram baixo con- dos meninos e 2,8% das meninas apresentaram consumo adequado em cálcio, à semelhança de outros estudos realizados no exterior [21][22][23] .…”

Section: Consumo Dietético De Cálciounclassified

The importance for growth of dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D

Bueno¹,

Czepielewski²

2008

J Pediatr (Rio J)

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ResumoObjetivo: Verificar o papel nutricional do cálcio e da vitamina D no processo de crescimento e desenvolvimento infanto-juvenil, visando, em especial, a prevenção e o tratamento do atraso de crescimento causado por deficiência nutricional. Fontes dos dados:As informações foram coletadas a partir de artigos publicados nas 2 últimas décadas, pesquisados nas bases de dados SciELO, PubMed e MEDLINE, livros técnicos e publicações de organizações internacionais. Síntese dos dados:O crescimento sofre influência de fatores intrínsecos (genéticos e metabólicos) e extrínsecos (fatores ambientais, como alimentação, saúde, higiene, habitação, e o acesso aos serviços de saúde). Entre os fatores nutricionais, destacam-se as deficiências de vitaminas e oligoelementos que podem se associar à desnutrição ou depender da absorção insuficiente dos mesmos. Sendo o cálcio um dos principais componentes do tecido mineral ósseo, este é essencial para uma adequada formação óssea e, considerando que a vitamina D desempenha papel importante no metabolismo do cálcio, uma dieta insuficiente nesses nutrientes pode influenciar a formação do esqueleto e o processo de crescimento e desenvolvimento. Conclusões:A baixa ingestão ou baixa absorção de cálcio e vitamina D em crianças e adolescentes pode limitar seu desenvolvimento estatural, sendo necessário fornecer quantidades suficientes de ambos na fase crítica do crescimento. Summary of the findings:Growth is influenced by intrinsic (genetic and metabolic) and extrinsic factors (environmental factors such as diet, health, hygiene, housing and access to health services). Among the nutritional factors are vitamin and oligoelement deficiencies which may be associated with malnutrition or caused by insufficient absorption. Since calcium is one of the main mineral components of bone tissue, it is essential for adequate bone formation and, considering that vitamin D plays an important role in calcium metabolism, a diet with insufficient quantities of these nutrients can impact on the formation of the skeleton and on the process of growth and development.

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“…Diarrhoea and maternal vitamin D status in infants [93,94] and gender, clothing style, season, and socioeconomic status in older children were independent risk factors for 25(OH)D levels [89][90][91]95]. Several were also predictors for calcium and vitamin D intake [96].…”

Section: Middle East and Africamentioning

confidence: 99%