Low-calorie diet induced weight loss may alter regulatory hormones and contribute to rebound visceral adiposity in obese persons with a family history of type-2 diabetes

Banasik, Jacquelyn L.; Walker, M; Randall, Judith M.; Netjes, Robert Bryan; Foutz, Mary S.

doi:10.1111/j.1745-7599.2012.00808.x

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Moreover, no study showed an increase in adiponectin due to a given procedure not also possibly explained by weight loss. The only studies which did not show a change in adiponectin were one showing a decrease in adiponectin after medical weight loss (85) and a study of duodenal-jejunal bypass in which the surgical group did not show a significant change in fat mass or BMI (86). It thus seems most likely that adiponectin production is increased secondary to weight loss in all procedures, since it is increased by weight loss of any kind, including medical weight loss.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic surgery: Action via hormonal milieu changes, changes in bile acids or gut microbiota? A summary of the literature

Sweeney

Morton

2014

Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology

108

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Obesity and type 2 diabetes remain epidemic problems. Different bariatric surgical techniques causes weight loss and diabetes remission to varying degrees. The underlying mechanisms of the beneficial effects of bariatric surgery are complex, and include changes in diet and behavior, as well as changes in hormones, bile acid flow, and gut bacteria. We summarized the effects of multiple different bariatric procedures, and their resulting effects on several hormones (leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), peptide YY, and glucagon), bile acid changes in the gut and the serum, and resulting changes to the gut microbiome. As much as possible, we have tried to incorporate multiple studies to try to explain underlying mechanistic changes. What emerges from the data is a picture of clear differences between restrictive and metabolic procedures. The latter, in particular the roux-en-Y gastric bypass, induces large and distinctive changes in most measured fat and gut hormones, including early and sustained increase in GLP-1, possible through intestinal bile acid signaling. The changes in bile flow and the gut microbiome are causally inseparable so far, but new studies show that each contributes to the effects of weight loss and diabetes resolution.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic surgery: Action via hormonal milieu changes, changes in bile acids or gut microbiota? A summary of the literature

Sweeney

Morton

2014

Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology

108

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“…These studies provided discrepant results with some publications suggesting a disproportional regain in total [2][3][4] or abdominal fat mass [2,5], whereas others found no adverse effect of weight cycling on obesity [6] or body fat distribution [7,8] (for a review, see [9 & ]). The current review investigates whether methodological differences regarding the precision and validity of the body composition technology could contribute to these discrepancies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Measuring the impact of weight cycling on body composition

Bosy‐Westphal

Müller

2014

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care

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“…By contrast with weight gain in women, body fat accumulates predominantly at the extremities . Knowledge on normal gender‐specific partitioning of lean and FM is important because a redistribution of body fat to the truncal or visceral compartments has been proposed to occur during weight regain (, see next section).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep body composition phenotyping during weight cycling: relevance to metabolic efficiency and metabolic risk

et al. 2015

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Weight cycling may lead to adverse effects on metabolic efficiency (i.e. adaptive thermogenesis or 'metabolic slowing') and metabolic risks (e.g. increased risk for insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome). In order to investigate these topics, the partitioning of fat and lean mass (i.e. the change in the proportion of both compartments) needs to be extended to the organ and tissue level because metabolic risk differs between adipose tissue depots and lean mass is metabolically heterogeneous being composed of organs and tissues differing in metabolic rate. Contrary to data obtained with severe weight loss and regain in lean people, weight cycling most likely has no adverse effects on fat distribution and metabolic risk in obese patients. There is even evidence for an increased ability of fat storage in subcutaneous fat depots (at the trunk in men and at the limbs in women) with weight cycling that may provide a certain protection from ectopic lipid deposition and thus explain the preservation of a favourable metabolic profile despite weight regain. On the other hand, the mass-specific metabolic rate of lean mass may increase with weight gain and decrease with weight loss mainly because of an increase and respective decrease in the proportion (and/or activity) of metabolically active organ mass. Obese people could therefore have a higher slope of the regression line between resting energy expenditure (REE) and fat-free mass that leads to an overestimation of metabolic efficiency when applied to normalize REE data after weight loss. Furthermore, in addressing the impact of macronutrient composition of the diet on partitioning of lean and fat mass, and the old controversy about whether a calorie is a calorie, we discuss recent evidence in support of a low glycaemic weight maintenance diet in countering weight regain and challenge this concept for weight loss by proposing the opposite.

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Low-calorie diet induced weight loss may alter regulatory hormones and contribute to rebound visceral adiposity in obese persons with a family history of type-2 diabetes

Cited by 13 publications

References 65 publications

Metabolic surgery: Action via hormonal milieu changes, changes in bile acids or gut microbiota? A summary of the literature

Metabolic surgery: Action via hormonal milieu changes, changes in bile acids or gut microbiota? A summary of the literature

Measuring the impact of weight cycling on body composition

Deep body composition phenotyping during weight cycling: relevance to metabolic efficiency and metabolic risk

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