Low, Chronic Exposure to Endosulfan Induces Bioaccumulation and Decreased Carcass Total Fatty Acids in Neotropical Fruit Bats

Brinati, Alessandro; Oliveira, Jerusa Maria de; Oliveira, Viviane Silva; Barros, Mirlaine S.; Carvalho, Bruno Marques; Oliveira, Luciane Silva; Queiroz, Maria Eliana Lopes Ribeiro de; Matta, S. L. P.; Freitas, Mariella Bontempo

doi:10.1007/s00128-016-1910-8

Cited by 23 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…However, the increase in the agricultural land-cover class around cave roost sites from 2014 necessitates future investigation. This is especially important in terms of potential bat-human contact in orchards [ 23 , 53 ], as well as the damaging long-term impacts on bat health and survival due to pesticide exposure [ 1 , 11 , 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the extent of land-use change around important bat-inhabited caves

Pretorius¹,

Markotter²,

Keith³

2021

BMC Zool

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Background Modification and destruction of natural habitats are bringing previously unencountered animal populations into contact with humans, with bats considered important zoonotic transmission vectors. Caves and cave-dwelling bats are under-represented in conservation plans. In South Africa, at least two cavernicolous species are of interest as potential zoonotic hosts: the Natal long-fingered bat Miniopterus natalensis and the Egyptian fruit bat Rousettus aegyptiacus. Little information is available about the anthropogenic pressures these species face around important roost sites. Both bats are numerous and widespread throughout the country; land-use changes and urban expansions are a rising concern for both conservation and increased bat-human contact. Results Our study addressed this shortfall by determining the extent of land-cover change around 47 roosts between 2014 and 2018 using existing land cover datasets. We determined the land-cover composition around important roost sites (including maternity, hibernacula and co-roosts), distances to urban settlements and assessed the current protection levels of roost localities. We detected an overall 4% decrease in natural woody vegetation (trees) within 5 km buffer zones of all roost sites, with a 10% decrease detected at co-roost sites alone. Agricultural land cover increased the most near roost sites, followed by plantations and urban land-cover. Overall, roosts were located 4.15 ± 0.91 km from urban settlements in 2018, the distances decreasing as urban areas expand. According to the South African National Biodiversity Institute Ecosystem Threat Status assessment, 72% of roosts fall outside of well-protected ecosystems. Conclusions The current lack of regulatory protection of cavernicolous bats and their roosts, increasing anthropogenic expansions and proximity to human settlements raises concerns about increased human-bat contact. Furthermore, uncontrolled roost visitation and vandalism are increasing, contributing to bat health risks and population declines, though the extent of roosts affected is yet to be quantified. In an era where pandemics are predicted to become more frequent and severe due to land-use change, our research is an urgent call for the formal protection of bat-inhabited caves to safeguard both bats and humans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the extent of land-use change around important bat-inhabited caves

Pretorius¹,

Markotter²,

Keith³

2021

BMC Zool

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“…Various South African bats species are consumers of crop pest insects, providing economically important ecosystem services (Taylor et al 2017;Linden et al 2019). Whilst Brinati et al 2016). Population decline in the southern bent-wing bat Miniopterus schreibersii bassanii in southern Australia has been attributed to the bioaccumulation of organochlorine and organophosphate in fatty tissues (Allinson et al 2006), which then get metabolised during migration, hibernation and arousal from hibernation (Clark & Shore 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bioaccumulation and pesticide‐linked mortality have been recorded in migratory bats in New Zealand and the United States (O’Shea & Clark 2002; Dennis & Gartrell 2015; Brinati et al . 2016). Population decline in the southern bent‐wing bat Miniopterus schreibersii bassanii in southern Australia has been attributed to the bioaccumulation of organochlorine and organophosphate in fatty tissues (Allinson et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Threat analysis of modelled potential migratory routes forMiniopterus natalensisin South Africa

2020

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Migrant cave‐dwelling insectivores that rely on specific caves for maternity and hibernation, like the Natal long‐fingered bats Miniopterus natalensis in South Africa, may be at particular risk of population decline in an urbanising world. As a step towards the conservation of caves and cave‐dwelling bats in South Africa, this study aimed to (i) broadly identify the number of caves used by bats (any species) and specifically M. natalensis, throughout South Africa, (ii) investigate the number of maternity and hibernacula roosts currently known for M. natalensis, (iii) assess the number of caves located in formal protected areas, (iv) determine potential migration paths/corridors between hibernacula and maternity sites and (v) evaluate the potential threats (like onshore wind facilities) along potential migratory routes. A meta‐analysis of scientific literature and websites was conducted to identify caves throughout South Africa and locations of maternity and hibernacula roosts for M. natalensis. Roosts were assessed to determine whether (i) they were located in protected areas, (ii) they were used for eco‐tourism and (iii) the distance to primary roads and onshore wind energy facilities. Next, likely migratory paths were modelled between maternity and hibernacula sites using least‐cost path analysis and the threats along potential routes were investigated. A total of 92 caves were identified, 50 were reported to contain bats. M. natalensis were recorded in 37 caves, and of those, only 9% are currently located inside protected areas. A total of 12 least‐cost paths were modelled, and various paths intersected potential threat risk elements. Our analysis provides the first description of the potential migration corridors for M. natalensis in South Africa, as well as the current conservation status of bat‐inhabited caves. For a developing country set to experience increased urbanisation pressures, this study highlights the need for conservation measures for South African caves and the dependent bats.

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“…In several bat species, organochlorines were found to increase the basal metabolic rate with a consequent reduction in body energy reserves (Brinati et al, 2016;Kannan et al, 2010;Swanepoel et al, 1999). Energy reserves mobilization, especially from lipids, increases blood concentration of pesticides, which increases its effects in more sensitive tissues, such as liver and brain (Boyd et al, 1988).…”

Section: Main Effects Of Pesticides In Batsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How do pesticides affect bats? – A brief review of recent publications

2021

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Increased agricultural production has been increased use of pesticides worldwide, which poses a threat to both human and environmental health. Recent studies suggest that several non-target organisms, from bees to mammals, show a wide variety of toxic effects of pesticides exposure, including impaired behavior, development and reproduction. Among mammals, bats are usually a neglected taxon among ecotoxicological studies, although they play important ecological and economical roles in forest ecosystems and agriculture through to seed dispersal and insect population control. Considering their wide variety of food habits, bats are exposed to environmental pollutants through food or water contamination, or through direct skin contact in their roosting areas. In order to better understand the risk posed by pesticides to bats populations, we compiled studies that investigated the main toxicological effects of pesticides in bats, aiming at contributing to discussion about the environmental risks associated with the use of pesticides.

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Low, Chronic Exposure to Endosulfan Induces Bioaccumulation and Decreased Carcass Total Fatty Acids in Neotropical Fruit Bats

Cited by 23 publications

References 31 publications

Assessing the extent of land-use change around important bat-inhabited caves

Assessing the extent of land-use change around important bat-inhabited caves

Threat analysis of modelled potential migratory routes forMiniopterus natalensisin South Africa

How do pesticides affect bats? – A brief review of recent publications

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