Low-code engineering for internet of things

Abstract

Developing Internet of Things (IoT) systems has to cope with several challenges mainly because of the heterogeneity of the involved subsystems and components. With the aim of conceiving languages and tools supporting the development of IoT systems, this paper presents the results of the study, which has been conducted to understand the current state of the art of existing platforms, and in particular lowcode ones, for developing IoT systems. By analyzing sixteen platforms, a corresponding set of features has been identified to represent the functionalities and the services that each analyzed platform can support. We also identify the limitations of already existing approaches and discuss possible ways to improve and address them in the future. CCS CONCEPTS • Software and its engineering → Model-driven software engineering.

Modelling in low-code development: a multi-vocal systematic review

“…Right behind the top four domains, we find a cluster of other four domains: IoT (6,6%), healthcare (G3 [5], P20 [20]), education (P1 [13], G1 [89]), and databases (5% each). Other business domains include: request handling (P8 [44]), recommender systems (P6 [18], P7 [54]), manufacturing (P10 [74], G25 [89]), industrial training (P1 [13]), DSL engineering (P13 [23]), social media (P24 [66]), process (G32 [66], P8 [44]), marketing (G9 [3]), desktop (G18 [6]), blockchain (P26 [50], G29 [77]), automotive (P24 [66]), AI and aeronautics (P24 [66]).…”

“…Surprisingly, Gartner did not include Google App Maker in its evaluation although Google App Maker is rapidly gaining traction, both in research and practice. While the first seven tools account for 57% of the primary studies, the remaining 43% of the primary studies mention a constellation of 32 different tools: Temenos Quantum (P26 [50]), RESTsec (P4 [90]), Pega (G23 [41]) and MS Azure (P18 [73]) (2,3% each) and ZappDev (P12 [17]), TimeSeries (G13 [57]), Sysdev Kalipso (P15 [79]), Simplifier (P8 [44]), Siemens MindSphere (P10 [74]), Sagitec S3 (P20 [20]), PTCThingWork (P10 [74]), Node RED (P8 [44]), Nintex Workflow Cloud (P15 [79]), MIT App Inventor (P15 [79]), Lightening (P26 [50]), Lansa (G18 [73]), Kony (P23 [61]), KissFlow (P16 [59]), INTELLIT (P10 [74]), IDM Cloud (P10 [74]), HiCuMES (P17 [64]), Genio (G11 [2]), Cyclr (G9 [3]), ColdFusion Builder (G9 [3]), Camunda (P17 [64]), Axonivy (G14 [56]), AutoML (P18 [73]), Aurea (P3 [84]), AtmosphericIoT (P8 [44]), App Cloud (P11 [72]), AgilePoint (P20 [20]), and ADAMOS (P10 [74]) (1.1% each).…”

“…IoT applications [44]. Interestingly, the authors include both MDE and LCD solutions and sketch a relation between them.…”

Low-Code Platform

“…It enables quick generation and delivery of business applications with minimum effort to write in a coding language and requires the least possible effort for the installation and configuration of environments, and training and implementation'' (Waszkowski 2019, p. 376). The favorable, even euphoric, tone and the conceptual ambiguity of this statement are characteristic of many descriptions found in the field (cf., e.g., Chang and Ko 2017;Ihirwe et al 2020;Sanchis et al 2020). That said, a modicum of work towards a more nuanced view of low-code development is scattered in the literature.…”

Visually-defined Real-Time Orchestration of IoT Systems

“…Their processing is usually centralized in a single instance, integrating Node-RED (or a similar solution) as the event processing engine for the user-defined rules and triggers (e.g., Fig. 3) [15,21].…”