“…Note that almost all earlier routing-coupled and routing-decoupled AC models are based on DCF, for example, IFCAC, PAC, HRAC, StAC, CACP, ACSCQS, MACMAN, AAC, etc. On the other hand, the AC models which are decoupled from the MAC layer (e.g., RFAR, SWAN, FuzzyQoS, [12,28]) can utilize only information of the network layer; this leads to a simpler interaction with different MAC technologies without need to a complex cross-layer design, but at the expense of false admission issue ( Table 2).…”