Low Concentrations for Significant Improvements in Thermal and Thermomechanical Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid)–Keratin Biocomposites Obtained by Extrusion and 3D Printing

Flores-Hernández, Cynthia Graciela; Velasco‐Santos, Carlos; Hernandez-Zea, A. L.; Gómez-Guzmán, O.; Yáñez‐Limón, J. M.; Rivera‐Armenta, José Luis

doi:10.1080/15440478.2020.1788483

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The mixture was heated to 50°C for 1 or 5 h (two different treatments). Then, the biofiber was separated from the solution and washed with distilled water to remove the excess NaOH (pH = 11), according to previous work done from our group 13 . Afterward, the rabbit hair was dried at 35°C for 48 h before preparing the blends for extrusion and additive manufacturing.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, natural waste materials can be used as reinforcements for composites, extending the life cycle of the waste, making the materials sustainable, biodegradable, and environmentally friendly 10,11 . PLA composites reinforced with natural fibers, such as wood, kenaf, and keratin, have displayed notable thermal and mechanical properties 9–13 . This has allowed the development of some materials that already exist on the market, such as biodegradable urns from PLA and flax, PLA‐kenaf mobile phone cases, and in the automotive industry, the development and application of covers for replacement tires from PLA‐kenaf fiber 14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Additive manufacturing of green composites: Poly (lactic acid) reinforced with keratin materials obtained from Angora rabbit hair

Flores-Hernández

Velasco‐Santos

Rivera‐Armenta

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this research, additive manufacturing of polylactic acid (PLA) reinforced with keratin was studied. Keratin was obtained from Angora rabbit hair and modified with NaOH. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that the modified surfaces were rougher than untreated surfaces. Furthermore, SEM images in the composites' fracture regions showed surface changes, associated with the nature of the reinforcement. Likewise, thermomechanical properties of the composites were attributed to the nature of the reinforcement and the type of keratin. Besides, the 3D printed composites showed higher thermal conductivity values than PLA with the addition of keratin. Cytotoxicity tests revealed an improvement in cell growth compared to the control and PLA. These results are meaningful toward the development of high thermal conductors and biocompatible composites with applications in different fields, where the use of only natural polymers is necessary.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive manufacturing of green composites: Poly (lactic acid) reinforced with keratin materials obtained from Angora rabbit hair

Flores-Hernández

Velasco‐Santos

Rivera‐Armenta

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…It is obtained from different common natural sources (wool, chicken feathers and horn) and it has numerous and favorable properties, including biocompatibility, biodegradability and mechanical endurance [105]. C. G. Flores-Hernandez et al used ground rabbit hair [106] and the rachis of chicken feathers [107] to reinforce PLA-based composites. Both ground rabbit hair and rachis were pre-treated with NaOH 0.1M to improve interaction between fibers and matrix and extruded with PLA to obtain a filament for the FDM 3D printing processing.…”

Section: Keratinmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Natural Polymers as Reinforcing Agents for 3D Printing

et al. 2021

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Three-dimensional (3D) printing, or additive manufacturing, is a group of innovative technologies that are increasingly employed for the production of 3D objects in different fields, including pharmaceutics, engineering, agri-food and medicines. The most processed materials by 3D printing techniques (e.g., fused deposition modelling, FDM; selective laser sintering, SLS; stereolithography, SLA) are polymeric materials since they offer chemical resistance, are low cost and have easy processability. However, one main drawback of using these materials alone (e.g., polylactic acid, PLA) in the manufacturing process is related to the poor mechanical and tensile properties of the final product. To overcome these limitations, fillers can be added to the polymeric matrix during the manufacturing to act as reinforcing agents. These include inorganic or organic materials such as glass, carbon fibers, silicon, ceramic or metals. One emerging approach is the employment of natural polymers (polysaccharides and proteins) as reinforcing agents, which are extracted from plants or obtained from biomasses or agricultural/industrial wastes. The advantages of using these natural materials as fillers for 3D printing are related to their availability together with the possibility of producing printed specimens with a smaller environmental impact and higher biodegradability. Therefore, they represent a “green option” for 3D printing processing, and many studies have been published in the last year to evaluate their ability to improve the mechanical properties of 3D printed objects. The present review provides an overview of the recent literature regarding natural polymers as reinforcing agents for 3D printing.

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“…It is worth noticing that in all these cases, the addition of feather fibers to PLA requires the use of a compatibilizer (e.g. polyethylene glycol [31], 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane or polybutadiene [28]) or a feather pre-treatment using acid [32] or alkali [28,33] conditions, to improve the interphase adhesion among keratin fibers and PLA. In this work, NSK extracted in 2 hours with a microwave coaxial antenna was extensively characterized using differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, highlighting the differences with the raw feathers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valorization of not soluble byproducts deriving from green keratin extraction from poultry feathers as filler for biocomposites

Pulidori

Micalizzi

Bramanti

et al. 2022

J Therm Anal Calorim

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The valorization of poultry feathers wastes is very important to reduce the environmental pollution deriving from their disposal. In this frame, we present the production process of completely natural, biodegradable, biocompatible and ecofriendly composites made by non-soluble keratin (NSK) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA). NSK was obtained as by-product of a microwave assisted keratin extraction from poultry feathers and it was added to PLA pellets without adding additional compatibilizers or plasticizers, differently from the other works reported in the literature until now. The mixture was used to obtain homogeneous NSK-based PLA filaments by means of hot-melt extrusion technology. The filaments were subsequently 3D printed to explore applications in the additive manufacturing field. All the samples presented unaltered thermal stability, but reduced toughness with respect to neat PLA. Other tested parameters (water adsorption, glass transition, crystallinity) were dependent from NSK content and from the fabrication technology. Besides, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) highlights the differences in the structure of the NSK-based PLA filaments and 3D printed samples.

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Low Concentrations for Significant Improvements in Thermal and Thermomechanical Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid)–Keratin Biocomposites Obtained by Extrusion and 3D Printing

Cited by 10 publications

References 42 publications

Additive manufacturing of green composites: Poly (lactic acid) reinforced with keratin materials obtained from Angora rabbit hair

Additive manufacturing of green composites: Poly (lactic acid) reinforced with keratin materials obtained from Angora rabbit hair

An Overview of Natural Polymers as Reinforcing Agents for 3D Printing

Valorization of not soluble byproducts deriving from green keratin extraction from poultry feathers as filler for biocomposites

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