Low concentrations of 17β-trenbolone induce female-to-male reversal and mortality in the frog Pelophylax nigromaculatus

Li, Yuanyuan; Xu, Wei; Chen, Xiao-Ran; Lou, Qin-Qin; Wei, Wuji; Qin, Zhan-Fen

doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.11.017

Cited by 30 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…2.1. Animals and housing conditions P. nigromaculatus was raised as described in our previous studies (Li et al, 2015;Lou et al, 2014). Briefly, adult frogs were raised in amphibious aquarium containing sand and dechlorinated water, and fed with Terzebrio molitor daily.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shirane (1986) reported that 50 μg/L testosterone resulted in female-to-male reversal of all P. nigromaculatus. Our recent studies found that even at low concentrations, both 17β-trenbolone and 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) induced complete or incomplete female-to-male reversal of almost all P. nigromaculatus (Li et al, 2015;Xu et al, 2015). Given the sensitivity of gonadal differentiation to androgenic chemicals, we have proposed that P. nigromaculatus can be used as a model species for studying the effects of androgenic chemicals on gonadal differentiation and development in amphibians.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tetrabromoethylcyclohexane affects gonadal differentiation and development in the frog Pelophylax nigromaculatus

Liu

Meng

et al. 2017

Aquatic Toxicology

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Tetrabromoethylcyclohexane (TBECH), an additive brominated flame retardant, has been shown to have an androgenic activity in vitro. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of TBECH on gonadal differentiation and development in the frog Pelophylax nigromaculatus, an amphibian species sensitive to androgenic chemicals, and to assess the androgenic activity of TBECH in vivo. P. nigromaculatus tadpoles were exposed to TBECH (1, 10, 100nM) from Gosner stage 24 to complete metamorphosis, and to 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) as a positive control. We found that 1nM DHT resulted in 100% males, while the sex ratio in the solvent control group was close to 1:1. In all the TBECH treatment groups, sexually ambiguous gonads based on gross morphology and intersexualities with testicular and ovarian histological structures were found, but no abnormality occurred in the solvent control. In the 1, 10, 100nM TBECH treatment groups, the female percentages were 52%, 31%, 17%, with 36%, 56%, 66% for males and 12%, 13%, 17% for abnormal sexes, respectively. X-test revealed significant differences in sex ratios between the three TBECH groups and the solvent control group, and the sex ratios in the two higher concentration groups were male-biased. These observations show that TBECH has a masculinizing effect on gonadal differentiation and development in P. nigromaculatus, suggesting an androgenic activity of TBECH in vivo. To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating that TBECH could induce gonadal masculinization in an animal, which raises new concerns for reproductive risk of TBECH exposure.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tetrabromoethylcyclohexane affects gonadal differentiation and development in the frog Pelophylax nigromaculatus

Liu

Meng

et al. 2017

Aquatic Toxicology

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“…The enhanced sensitivity to 17β‐trenbolone during sex differentiation in zebrafish could be a consequence of the extended period of juvenile hermaphroditism that occurs in this species compared with medaka. Early life stage exposures with amphibians also produced male‐skewed cohorts in X. tropicalis and Pelophylax nigromaculatus at 17β‐trenbolone test concentrations of 0.078 and 0.1 μg/L, respectively (Olmstead et al ; Li et al ), although similar concentrations did not affect phenotypic sex ratios in X. laevis (Haselman et al ).…”

Section: Summary Of Available Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consistent with this, Ankley et al (2003) noted no significant effects of up to 50 mg 17b-trenbolone/L on survival of adult male or female fathead minnows in a 21-d exposure. Similarly, Holbech et al (2006) reported no significant effects on survival of embryonic/larval zebrafish exposed to 3 mg 17b-trenbolone/L for approximately 60 d, and Seki et al (2006) reported no effects on survival up to 5 mg 17b-trenbolone/L following exposure of adult medaka and fathead minnows for 14 to 21 d. Amphibian toxicity studies with 17b-trenbolone have reported effects on survival at concentrations lower than those not affecting fish (Olmstead et al 2012;Li et al 2015). In these studies, significantly increased mortality of tadpoles/metamorphs was noted at 0.1 to 0.3 mg 17btrenbolone/L via hypothesized effects on the developing larynx.…”

Section: Biological Effects: In Vivo Studies With Apical Endpointsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical review of the environmental occurrence and potential effects in aquatic vertebrates of the potent androgen receptor agonist 17β‐trenbolone

Ankley

Coady

Gross³

et al. 2018

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Trenbolone acetate is widely used in some parts of the world for its desirable anabolic effects on livestock. Several metabolites of the acetate, including 17b-trenbolone, have been detected at low nanograms per liter concentrations in surface waters associated with animal feedlots. The 17b-trenbolone isomer can affect androgen receptor signaling pathways in various vertebrate species at comparatively low concentrations/doses. The present article provides a comprehensive review and synthesis of the existing literature concerning exposure to and biological effects of 17b-trenbolone, with an emphasis on potential risks to aquatic animals. In vitro studies indicate that, although 17b-trenbolone can activate several nuclear hormone receptors, its highest affinity is for the androgen receptor in all vertebrate taxa examined, including fish. Exposure of fish to nanograms per liter water concentrations of 17b-trenbolone can cause changes in endocrine function in the short term, and adverse apical effects in longer exposures during development and reproduction. Impacts on endocrine function typically are indicative of inappropriate androgen receptor signaling, such as changes in sex steroid metabolism, impacts on gonadal stage, and masculinization of females. Exposure of fish to 17b-trenbolone during sexual differentiation in early development can greatly skew sex ratios, whereas adult exposures can adversely impact fertility and fecundity. To fully assess ecosystem-level risks, additional research is warranted to address uncertainties as to the degree/breadth of environmental exposures and potential population-level effects of 17b-trenbolone in sensitive species.

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“…Xenobiotics induce several sub lethal effects on amphibians, such as modification to cardiac functions (Costa et al, 2008;Dal-Medico et al, 2014;Salla et al, 2016;Watson et al, 2014), biochemical changes in several organs (Dornelles and Oliveira, 2014;Güng€ ordü et al, 2016;Maximiliano Attademo et al, 2015;Peltzer et al, 2013;Pereira et al, 2013), as well as morphological changes in the gonads (Abdalla et al, 2013;Li et al, 2015;Medina et al, 2012;Shi et al, 2014), testicles (Hayes et al, 2011), kidney (Çakıcı, 2015;Loumbourdis, 2005;Marques et al, 2009), skin (Van Meter et al, 2014;Walker et al, 1998) and liver (Bernab o et al, 2014;Ganser et al, 2003;Grassi et al, 2007;Lou et al, 2013;Loumbourdis, 2005;Marques et al, 2009). Xenobiotics can affect the reproduction, development and survival (Devi and Gupta, 2013;Finch et al, 2012;Flynn et al, 2015;Hooser et al, 2012;Svartz et al, 2012), among other effects such as endocrine alterations (Falfushynska et al, 2016), genomic damages (Gonçalves et al, 2015) and teratogenicity (Chae et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatic effects of the clomazone herbicide in both its free form and associated with chitosan-alginate nanoparticles in bullfrog tadpoles

et al. 2016

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The use of agrochemicals in agriculture is intense and most of them could be carried out to aquatic environment. Nevertheless, there are only few studies that assess the effects of these xenobiotics on amphibians. Clomazone is an herbicide widely used in rice fields, where amphibian species live. Thus, those species may be threatened by non-target exposure. However, nanoparticles are being developed to be used as a carrier system for the agrochemicals. Such nanoparticles release the herbicide in a modified way, and are considered to be more efficient and less harmful to the environment. The aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the effect of clomazone in its free form and associated with nanoparticles, in the liver of bullfrog tadpoles (Lithobates catesbeianus) when submitted to acute exposure for 96 h. According to semi-quantitative analysis, there was an increase in the frequency of melanomacrophage centres, in the accumulation of eosinophils and in lipidosis in the liver of experimental groups exposed to clomazone - in its free form and associated with nanoparticles - in comparison with the control group, and the nanotoxicity of chitosan-alginate nanoparticles. The increase of melanomacrophage centres in all exposed groups was significant (P < 0.0001) in comparison to control group. Therefore, the results of this research have shown that exposure to sublethal doses of the herbicide and nanoparticles triggered hepatic responses. Moreover, these results provided important data about the effect of the clomazone herbicide and organic nanoparticles, which act as carriers of agrochemicals, on the bullfrog tadpole liver.

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Low concentrations of 17β-trenbolone induce female-to-male reversal and mortality in the frog Pelophylax nigromaculatus

Cited by 30 publications

References 46 publications

Tetrabromoethylcyclohexane affects gonadal differentiation and development in the frog Pelophylax nigromaculatus

Tetrabromoethylcyclohexane affects gonadal differentiation and development in the frog Pelophylax nigromaculatus

A critical review of the environmental occurrence and potential effects in aquatic vertebrates of the potent androgen receptor agonist 17β‐trenbolone

Hepatic effects of the clomazone herbicide in both its free form and associated with chitosan-alginate nanoparticles in bullfrog tadpoles

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