Low-cost 3D-printed anthropomorphic cardiac phantom, for computed tomography automatic left ventricle segmentation and volumetry – A pilot study

Kusk, Martin Weber; Stowe, John; Hess, Søren; Gerke, Oke; Foley, Shane

doi:10.1016/j.radi.2022.10.015

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…As regards the accuracy of the delineation of the tissues with respect to the reference of the printed model, the results estimated through the Dice coefficient, although highly reproducible, remain on average low. Compared with the literature presented in the introduction, only one other study made a comparison between the segmentation of the printing plate and that of the phantom result, obtaining a Dice coefficient of 0.87 for the target region of cardiac left ventricle ( 22 ), comparable with the result obtained for the lung region, but not for the others, following our approach. This result may be mainly due to the inevitable constructive limitations of the phantom; in fact, the higher the number of different fabrics to be printed, the greater the overlap between the relative printing HUs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

A customized anthropomorphic 3D-printed phantom to reproducibility assessment in computed tomography: an oncological case study

Cavaliere,

Baldi,

Brancato

et al. 2023

Front. Oncol.

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IntroductionStudies on computed tomography (CT) reproducibility at different acquisition parameters have to take into account radiation dose administered and related ethical issues. 3D-printed phantoms provide the possibility to investigate these features deeply and to foster CT research, also taking advantage by outperforming new generation scanners. The aim of this study is to propose a new anthropomorphic 3D-printed phantom for chest lesions, tailored on a real patient CT scan, to investigate the variability of volume and Hounsfield Unit (HU) measurements at different CT acquisition parameters.MethodsThe chest CT of a 75-year-old patient with a paramediastinal lung lesion was segmented based on an eight-compartment approach related to HU ranges (air lung, lung interstitium, fat, muscle, vascular, skin, bone, and lesion). From each mask produced, the 3D.stl model was exported and linked to a different printing infill value, based on a preliminary test and HU ratios derived from the patient scan. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology printing was chosen with filament materials in polylactic acid (PLA). Phantom was acquired at 50 mAs and three different tube voltages of 80, 100, and 120 kVp on two different scanners, namely, Siemens Somatom Force (Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany; same setting of real patient for 80 kVp acquisition) and GE 750 HD CT (GE Healthcare, Chicago, IL). The same segmentation workflow was then applied on each phantom acquisition after coregistration pipeline, and Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) and HU averages were extracted and compared for each compartment.ResultsDSC comparison among real patient versus phantom scans at different kVp, and on both CT scanners, demonstrated a good overlap of different compartments and lesion vascularization with a higher similarity for lung and lesion masks for each setting (about 0.9 and 0.8, respectively). Although mean HU was not comparable with real data, due to the PLA material, the proportion of intensity values for each compartment remains respected.DiscussionThe proposed approach demonstrated the reliability of 3D-printed technology for personalized approaches in CT research, opening to the application of the same workflow to other oncological fields.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

A customized anthropomorphic 3D-printed phantom to reproducibility assessment in computed tomography: an oncological case study

Cavaliere,

Baldi,

Brancato

et al. 2023

Front. Oncol.

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“…We used an anatomically and radiologically accurate 3D-printed heart phantom with contrast-filled left heart chambers. The production and validation of using the phantom for automated LVEF measurements was described in a previous paper [16]. This phantom was placed inside an anthropomorphic chest phantom (LungMan N1, Kyoto Kagaku, Kyoto, Japan), and a series of scans were performed on a Siemens Somatom FORCE CT scanner (Siemens Healthineers, Forchheim, Germany).…”

Section: Optimisation Of Simulation Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential for Dose Reduction in CT-Derived Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction: A Simulation Study

Kusk,

Hess,

Gerke

et al. 2023

Tomography

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Background: Measuring left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is important for detecting heart failure, e.g., in treatment with potentially cardiotoxic chemotherapy. MRI is considered the reference standard for LVEF, but availability may be limited and claustrophobia or metal implants still present challenges. CT has been shown to be accurate and would be advantageous, as LVEF could be measured in conjunction with routine chest–abdomen–pelvis oncology CT. However, the use of CT is not recommended due to the excessive radiation dose. This study aimed to explore the potential for dose reduction using simulation. Using an anthropomorphic heart phantom scanned at 13 dose levels, a noise simulation algorithm was developed to introduce controlled Poisson noise. Filtered backprojection parameters were iteratively tested to minimise differences in myocardium-to-ventricle contrast/noise ratio, as well as structural similarity index (SSIM) differences between real and simulated images at all dose levels. Fifty-one clinical CT coronary angiographies, scanned with full dose through end-systolic and -diastolic phases, were located retrospectively. Using the developed algorithm, noise was introduced corresponding to 25, 10, 5 and 2% of the original dose level. LVEF was measured using clinical software (Syngo.via VB50) with papillary muscles in and excluded from the LV volume. At each dose level, LVEF was compared to the 100% dose level, using Bland–Altman analysis. The effective dose was calculated from DLP using a conversion factor of 0.026 mSv/mGycm. Results: In the clinical images, mean CTDIvol and DLP were 47.1 mGy and 771.9 mGycm, respectively (effective dose 20.0 mSv). Measurements with papillary muscles excluded did not exhibit statistically significant LVEF bias to full-dose images at 25, 10 and 5% simulated dose. At 2% dose, a significant bias of 4.4% was found. With papillary muscles included, small but significant biases were found at all simulated dose levels. Conclusion: Provided that measurements are performed with papillary muscles excluded from the LV volume, the dose can be reduced by a factor of 20 without significantly affecting LVEF measurements. This corresponds to an effective dose of 1 mSv. CT can potentially be used for LVEF measurement with minimal excessive radiation.

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Geometric validation of a pediatric upper airways model made using a mainstream desktop 3D printer

Cnockaert,

Reychler,

Menten

et al. 2024

Annals of 3D Printed Medicine

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Low-cost 3D-printed anthropomorphic cardiac phantom, for computed tomography automatic left ventricle segmentation and volumetry – A pilot study

Cited by 4 publications

References 30 publications

A customized anthropomorphic 3D-printed phantom to reproducibility assessment in computed tomography: an oncological case study

A customized anthropomorphic 3D-printed phantom to reproducibility assessment in computed tomography: an oncological case study

Potential for Dose Reduction in CT-Derived Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction: A Simulation Study

Geometric validation of a pediatric upper airways model made using a mainstream desktop 3D printer

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