Low-cost 3D reconstruction of cultural heritage artifacts

Abstract

Abstract3D reconstruction methods can be used to obtain digital models by capturing the shape and appearance of real objects. Due to both scienti c and technological advances, low-cost 3D reconstruction is now widely used to reconstruct objects of reasonable geometric complexity using cheap acquisition hardware; however, it is unclear whether or not these devices produce suitable results to preserve cultural heritage artifacts. First, this paper goes over the general concept of 3D reconstruction and the main di erences between lowcost and general-purpose 3D reconstruction pipelines, these di erences are illustrated using a prototypical low-cost pipeline that has been used to reconstruct heritage artifacts. Then, we present the results of a survey conducted in order to investigate how existing low-cost 3D reconstruction approaches attempted to improve the results of their reconstructions, with an emphasis on the realistic rendering techniques they have used. Throughout the survey process, a categorization for low-cost 3D methodologies was proposed based on the scanning apparatus used by the approaches and other similarities between them. Finally, based on the surveyed studies and the results obtained with the prototypical pipeline, we conclude that it is possible to preserve heritage artifacts using low-cost approaches, granted that modern realism techniques are used to improve the appearance of the models.Key words: Low-cost 3D reconstruction; cultural heritage; digital heritage; survey. ResumoOs métodos de reconstrução 3D permitem a obtenção de modelos digitais através da captura da informação de forma e aparência dos objetos. Devido a avanços cientí cos e tecnológicos, técnicas de reconstrução 3D de baixo custo se tornaram amplamente utilizadas para reconstruir objetos com geometria razoavelmente complexa usando dispositivos de aquisição de baixo custo; no entanto, ainda é discutível a aplicabilidade desses dispositivos de baixo custo para preservação de artefatos culturais. Primeiramente, esse trabalho introduz a área de reconstrução 3D e discute as principais diferenças entre metodologias de reconstrução de baixo custo e metodologias de reconstrução de propósito geral, essas diferenças são ilustradas ao ser apresentado um protótipo de metodologia de baixo custo que foi utilizado para reconstrução de artefatos culturais. Posteriormente, são apresentados os resultados de um levantamento realizado a m de investigar como as propostas existentes de reconstrução de baixo custo visaram melhorar a qualidade das reconstruções geradas, com ênfase nas técnicas de renderização realista utilizadas. Ao longo da realização do levantamento, foi proposta uma categorização dos estudos investigados levando em consideração o aparato de escaneamento utilizado e outras similaridades. Ao m, com base nos estudos levantados e nos resultados obtidos usando a metodologia apresentada, conclui-se que é possível a utilização de metodologias de reconstrução de baixo custo para preservação de artefatos culturais, uma vez que sejam utilizad...

Improved low-cost 3D reconstruction pipeline by merging data from different color and depth cameras

“…The number of views captured is less than that of real-time approaches due to the additional processing required to ensure the quality of each capture (Raimundo and Apaza-Agüero, 2020). Considering the quality requirements for this proposed work, an interactive tool (Raimundo, 2018) is used to acquire the raw data from the depth sensor (Fig. 2).…”

“…3D reconstruction makes it possible to capture the geometry and appearance of an object or scene, allowing us to inspect details, measure properties, and reproduce 3D models in different materials (Raimundo et al, 2018). In recent years, numerous advances in 3D digitization have been observed, mainly by applying pipelines for threedimensional reconstruction using costly high-precision 3D scanners.…”

“…On the other hand, low-resolution equipment implies lower quality captures, even being financially more viable. Even with the ease of operation, lightweight, and portability, hardware low-cost approaches must consider the limitations of the scanning equipment used (Raimundo, 2018).…”

“…The sensors need to be sensitive to small variations in the information acquired, since, for small differences in distance, the variation in the time it takes to reach two different points is very low, requiring low equipment latency and good response time. For this reason, these systems tend to be slightly noisy (Raimundo et al, 2018). Considering low-cost reconstruction approaches, difficulties to capture color in high precision are a disadvantage (Hernández and Vogiatzis, 2010).…”

Research on Virtual Color Restoration of Complex Building System Based on Discrete Wavelet Transform

“…Computer science has a history as long as the use of computer programs to record cultural heritage. Technologies such as information modeling, graphics, three-dimensional visualization, and virtual reality have promoted the development of new theories and empirical methods in the field of cultural heritage protection [5]. Computer visualization technology has become an indispensable tool in the field of cultural heritage protection.…”