Low-cost activated carbon: characterization, decolorization, modeling, optimization and kinetics

Dye removal from water and wastewater by nanosized metal oxides - modified activated carbon: a review on recent researches

“…Furthermore, it should be noted that all studies have shown that at the initial concentration of dye, highly removal was observed on the other hand, by increasing dye concentration the removal efficiency of dye was decreased sharply [27,29,126]. Also, based on Table 2, the result of the studies by Balarak et al (2015) [127], Kazemi et al (2016) [128], Shahbazi et al (2020) [29], and Daneshvar et al (2014) [124] have verified that contact time had a positive effect on the dye removal so that the maximum removal efficiency obtained by increasing contact time to equilibrium time. In brief, according to Table 2, the applied AC as a promising and reliable adsorbent for the dyes elimination showed high efficiency of about 80-100% [122,123].…”

“…Activated carbon may be generated from any raw material with a high content of carbon, but commonly wood, coal, and lignite have been used more among others. Furthermore, several studies have been undertaken to find alternatives materials for the production of activated carbon to reduce the generation cost such as agricultural and industrial wastes [29,115]. Over the past decades, the interest in using lignocellulosic as a precursor of AC has been increased [115].…”

“…Some of the investigations depicted that high removal efficiency (more than 95%) of cationic dye can be achieved at neutral pH (6 to 7) [119][120][121], but others declared that lower pH (2-5) has a significant effect on the dye removal so that when pH increased more than acidic range, the removal efficiency of dye declined [122][123][124][125]. Furthermore, it should be noted that all studies have shown that at the initial concentration of dye, highly removal was observed on the other hand, by increasing dye concentration the removal efficiency of dye was decreased sharply [27,29,126]. Also, based on Table 2, the result of the studies by Balarak et al (2015) [127], Kazemi et al (2016) [128], Shahbazi et al (2020) [29], and Daneshvar et al (2014) [124] have verified that contact time had a positive effect on the dye removal so that the maximum removal efficiency obtained by increasing contact time to equilibrium time.…”

“…Therefore, because of the economic limitations of commercial activated carbon, the development of new economical adsorbents with high-performance is necessary [21]. Recently, different types of lower-cost adsorbents have been developed and applied for eliminating dyes from polluted water such as banana trunk [22], tea waste [23], rice straw [24], oil palm fruit fiber [25], mango peels [26], corn stalks [27], coconut shell [28], grape wood [29], Jerusalem artichoke stalk [30], orange peels [31], N. microphyllum (AC-NM) [32], pineapple peels [33], rice husk [34], walnut shell [35].…”

Imidazolized Activated Carbon Anchoring Phosphotungstic Acid as a Recyclable Catalyst for Oxidation of Alcohols With Aqueous Hydrogen Peroxide

“…AC has a high specific surface area, pore structure, and surface functional groups ( Alslaibi et al, 2014 ). Therefore, it has a wide range of applications in the fields of adsorption of heavy metals ( Koohzad et al, 2019 ), supercapacitor electrodes ( Fan et al, 2011 ), decolorization ( Shahbazi et al, 2020 ; Liu et al, 2021 ), and catalyst supports ( Yao et al, 2020 ; Xu et al, 2021 ; Costa et al, 2021 ). However, it is generally believed that the most attractive feature of activated carbon materials is their specific and controllable surface reactivity.…”