Low-cost and large-scale synthesis of alkaline earth metal germanate nanowires as a new class of lithium ion battery anode material

Abstract

A series of single-crystalline alkaline earth metal germanate nanowires, including calcium germanate (Ca 2 Ge 7 O 16 ), strontium germanate (SrGe 4 O 9 ) and barium germanate (BaGe 4 O 9 ) are synthesized by a low-cost, large-scale hydrothermal route. These one-dimensional germanate nanowires represent a new class of anode material for use as Li-ion battery materials with superb lithium storage capacities, cycle performance and rate performance.

Smart Hybrids of Zn2GeO4 Nanoparticles and Ultrathin g‐C3N4 Layers: Synergistic Lithium Storage and Excellent Electrochemical Performance

“…Among these alternatives, Ge and its oxides are expected to act as both highenergy and high-power anodes due to the unique, fascinating features of Ge such as the relatively high theoretical specifi c capacity of 1600 mA h g −1 , high conductivity, and fast lithium-ion diffusivity. [ 11,12 ] In particularly, nanostructured Ge-based ternary oxides also have advantages of low cost, moderate volume change, and more importantly, enhanced electrical conductivity originated from a conductive matrix formed by Ge and the second metal, [13][14][15][16][17] which makes nanostructured Ge-based ternary oxides to be competitive candidates for high-performance LIBs. [ 18 ] Despite the merits mentioned above, nanostructured Ge-based ternary oxides suffer from two detrimental defi ciencies which prohibit their practical applications: agglomeration and volume changes during lithiation/delithiation processes.…”

Hydrothermal growth of Cobalt germanate/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite as superior anode materials for Lithium-ion batteries

“…As a family of important functional materials, transition metal germanates have attracted attention as they have potential applications in catalysis, adsorption, ion exchange, humidity sensors and high energy laser systems [14][15][16]. Beyond that, transition metal germanates have also been proved to be promising anode materials for lithium ion batteries [17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. For example, Seung et al [17] first discovered that transition metal oxide inclusion could improve the coulombic efficiency and capacity of GeO 2 by facilitating Ge re-oxidation to GeO 2 .…”

“…Therefore Ge and Ge compounds may be promising candidates for the applications as anodes materials for LIBs [7][8][9][10]. However, pure Ge suffers from a serious capacity fading and the aggregation of Ge metal particles during lithium alloying and de-alloying process [11][12][13].…”

Morphology-controlled hydrothermal synthesis of acanthosphere FeCO3 as an excellent performance anode material for lithium ion batteries

“…Efforts have been made to develop superior energy density anode materials, such as transition-metal oxides [4][5][6][7][8] and transition-metal oxysalts [9][10][11][12]. Among them, transition metal carbonates are detected as promising candidates for high energy density anode materials.…”