Low-Cost Archaeological Investigation and Rapid Mapping of Ancient Stone Tidal Weirs in the Penghu Archipelago Using Google Earth

Luo, Lei; Wang, Xinyuan; Liu, Jie; Wu, Zheng; Jing, Zhen; Zhu, Liwei; Liu, Chuansheng; Wan, Huawei

doi:10.3390/su11174536

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The World Database on Protected Areas 53 was loaded into a geographic information system to identify missing polygons for Ramsar and Natural World Heritage Sites. Maps of sites were overlaid onto Google Earth using the image overlay function [54][55][56] , allowing delineation of each site's boundaries. When sites were not identifiable, due to either land cover or missing/ inaccurate information, we used historical imagery and/or published literature to delineate the site accurately 57,58 .…”

Section: Heritage Sites Definitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

African heritage sites threatened as sea-level rise accelerates

et al. 2022

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The African coast contains heritage sites of ‘Outstanding Universal Value’ that face increasing risk from anthropogenic climate change. Here, we generated a database of 213 natural and 71 cultural African heritage sites to assess exposure to coastal flooding and erosion under moderate (RCP 4.5) and high (RCP 8.5) greenhouse gas emission scenarios. Currently, 56 sites (20%) are at risk from a 1-in-100-year coastal extreme event, including the iconic ruins of Tipasa (Algeria) and the North Sinai Archaeological Sites Zone (Egypt). By 2050, the number of exposed sites is projected to more than triple, reaching almost 200 sites under high emissions. Emissions mitigation from RCP 8.5 to RCP 4.5 reduces the number of very highly exposed sites by 25%. These findings highlight the urgent need for increased climate change adaptation for heritage sites in Africa, including governance and management approaches, site-specific vulnerability assessments, exposure monitoring, and protection strategies.

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Section: Heritage Sites Definitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

African heritage sites threatened as sea-level rise accelerates

et al. 2022

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“…The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA) 48 was loaded into a GIS and was used to identify missing polygons for Ramsar and Natural World Heritage Sites. Maps of sites were overlaid onto Google Earth using the image overlay function [49][50][51] , allowing delineation of each site's boundaries. In the case of sites which were not identi able, due to either landcover, or missing/inaccurate information, historical imagery and/or published literature were used to delineate the site accurately 52,53 .…”

Section: Heritage Sites De Nitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

African Heritage Sites threatened by coastal flooding and erosion as sea-level rise accelerates

Vousdoukas¹,

Clarke²,

Ranasinghe³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Important heritage sites along the African coast are at risk from the threats associated with rising sea levels. Here, we quantify the exposure of natural and cultural heritage sites in Africa to coastal flooding and erosion in the 21st century. We develop a comprehensive database of 284 coastal African Heritage Sites (AHS), composed of 213 natural and 71 cultural heritage sites, which is then combined with coastal flooding and erosion projections to assess exposure to coastal extreme events for a moderate (RCP4.5) and high (RCP8.5) greenhouse gas emissions scenario. We find that 56 AHS are presently at risk from a 100-year extreme sea-level event, with a total exposed heritage area of 2,222 km2. Most of the currently exposed AHS are located in Northern and Western Africa. By mid-century, the number of exposed AHS is projected to increase more than 3 times to reach 191 and 198 under moderate and high emissions respectively. In the second half of the century, the number of exposed sites stabilizes, but the median exposed area increases to 6.6 to 8.5 times the present-day value, under moderate and high emissions, respectively. Mitigation from high to moderate emissions will reduce the end-century median exposed area and number of very highly exposed sites by 20% and 25% respectively.

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“…The most popular software is Google Earth (GE), which was launched in 2005 and still is a simple tool for studying archaeological heritages using multiresolution imagery (Guo, 2017; Yu & Gong, 2012). Numerous research articles have been published based on virtual globes by using GE or using only GE in combination with ground‐based techniques (Luo et al, 2019; Myers, 2010; Parcak, Mumford, & Childs, 2017). Archaeological sites are complicated for direct interpretation based on only a surface view, particularly at destroyed sites such as Al‐Khuribah, because they generally comprise different architectural elements that extend into the subsurface.…”

Section: Aerial Images and Their Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated results of aerial image, ground magnetics and excavation for settlement assessment at Dadan site, Al‐’Ula area, Saudi Arabia

Alsuhaibani

Metwaly

2020

Archaeological Prospection

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Exploring how ancient people created and inhabited specific sites remains a mysterious challenge for archaeologists. The Al‐Khuribah site is one of the most crucial archaeological places in the north‐western part of Saudi Arabia, and its existence is dated from the eighth to the first century bc. The area is characterized by various archaeological remains that engender debate on the interpretation of those remains among the archaeological community. Aerial images, ground magnetic surveys, and excavation results have been integrated in the proposed area for current and future excavation planning. A Google Earth aerial image for the study site revealed that surface pattern characteristics of the site are in the form of remains of adjacent houses with relatively small rooms. Despite composition similarities between the archaeological remains and host sediments, the integrated results of the analysed aerial image and magnetic gradient results showed significant archaeological features that cannot be traced using one method. To complete the interpretation of an archaeological character at a site, the results of the analysed aerial image and magnetic gradient have been evaluated through successive excavation. Overall, the results evidently support the hypothesis regarding the type of occupation of people living close to the religious temple that was excavated in the area earlier. To support such a hypothesis, the archaeological remains, which include various sized kilns, numerous linear wall features, and some of the daily used objects, must be analysed.

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Low-Cost Archaeological Investigation and Rapid Mapping of Ancient Stone Tidal Weirs in the Penghu Archipelago Using Google Earth

Cited by 7 publications

References 41 publications

African heritage sites threatened as sea-level rise accelerates

African heritage sites threatened as sea-level rise accelerates

African Heritage Sites threatened by coastal flooding and erosion as sea-level rise accelerates

Integrated results of aerial image, ground magnetics and excavation for settlement assessment at Dadan site, Al‐’Ula area, Saudi Arabia

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