Low-cost biodiesel production using waste oil and catalyst

Abstract

With the production of renewable biofuels, concerns about the end of fossil fuels have been partially eliminated. On the other hand, the utilization of low-cost and waste materials to provide the raw essential substances to manufacture these fuels is of paramount importance. Biodiesel is one of these fuels and the required raw materials for the reaction are oil (triglycerides), alcohol and catalyst. In this work, travertine stone powder (as waste in the manufacture of building materials) was used as a catalyst and waste frying oil as a source of triglyceride for biodiesel production. Using thermogravimetric and X-ray diffraction analysis, optimum temperature for catalyst calcination was selected at 900°C. Furthermore, X-ray fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy analyses were performed. Using the design of experiments Response Surface Methodology, the optimum reaction conditions for biodiesel production yield of 97.74% were: reaction temperature 59.52°C (~60°C), time 3.8 h (228 min), catalyst concentration 1.36 wt.% and the methanol to oil molar ratio of 11:6. After reusing four times, the catalyst efficiency was reduced a little, and the biodiesel yield was 89.84%, indicating high strength and stability of the catalyst.

The Role of Bioeconomy in the Future Energy Scenario: A State-of-the-Art Review

“…Environmental issues linked with the production of the first generation of biofuels in cases where poor countries need to produce the waste amounts of biomass for the needs of OECD countries, the issues of deforestation, genetically modified crops, species loss, water usage and runoff, herbicide and pesticide use, soil degradation, and land energetic are being mitigated with the second generation of biofuel production. The second generation of biofuel involves the production of ethanol by the biochemical breakdown of lignocellulose, as well as the production of biodiesel from a range of biomass processes, such as fast pyrolysis for biooil or gasification and the Fischer-Tropsch process for synthetic biodiesel [29,31,74].…”

Biodiesel Production From Lignocellulosic Biomass Using Oleaginous Microbes: Prospects for Integrated Biofuel Production

“…Moreover, logistics and collection infrastructure are not well developed and hence could be a hurdle due to scattered sources ( Sajjadi et al, 2016 ). Extensive literature has been published on the utilization of waste oil as biodiesel feedstock ( Yaakob et al, 2013 ; Hajjaria et al, 2017 ; Fonseca et al, 2019 ; Talavari et al, 2020 ).…”

A Valuable Product of Microbial Cell Factories: Microbial Lipase

“…Similarly, lipase obtained from staphylococcal strains has been used in the manufacture of antioxidants such as ethanol-acetate and eugenyl benzoate (Horchani et al, 2012). Dai and Xia, 2005;Herrera-Lopez, 2012;Horchani et al, 2012;Bancerz, 2017;Kumar et al, 2017;Memarpoor-Yazdi et al, 2018 Pulp and paper Hydrolysis Paper with improved quality Demuner et al, 2011;Horchani et al, 2012;Liu et al, 2012;Almeida et al, 2018;Patel et al, 2019 Washing Hydrolysis Removal of fats Niyonzima and More, 2015;Phuah et al, 2015;Kumar et al, 2016;Unni et al, 2016;Holland and Sajic, 2017;Mehta et al, 2017;Saraswat et al, 2017;Abol-Fotouh et al, 2021 Biodiesel Transesterification, hydrolysis, synthesis Biodiesel production Karmee et al, 2015;Tran et al, 2016;Khosla et al, 2017;Tian et al, 2017;Li et al, 2020;Sorte et al, 2020;Talavari et al, 2020 Leather Hydrolysis Leather products Kavitha et al, 2018;Rashid et al, 2018 Cosmetics Synthesis Emulsifiers, moisturizers Gupta et al, 2015;Kim et al, 2015;Ugo et al, 2017;Uppada et al, 2017;Tufiño et al, 2019 Environmental protection Transesterification, hydrolysis Environmental detection and repair Lauprasert et al, 2017;Bucur et al, 2018;Hassan et al, 2018;…”

“…Biodiesel is comprised of a fatty-acid monoester that is generated by transesterification of triglycerides from fats (Filho et al, 2019). At present, biodiesel is produced mainly by alkaline catalysis and supercritical fluid catalysis (Mandolesi De Araújo et al, 2013); lipase catalysis has been used in the industrial production of biodiesel (Li et al, 2020;Puna et al, 2020;Talavari et al, 2020). According to the research of Tran et al (2016) the biodiesel conversion rate using sunflower oil in a packed bed reactor with immobilized Burkholderia lipase, they found that a single packed bed reactor resulted in a 67% biodiesel conversion rate.…”