Low–Cost Eye–Trackers: Useful for Information Systems Research?

Zugal, Stefan; Pinggera, Jakob

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-07869-4_14

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The eye tracker's vendor claims a visual angle accuracy between 0.5 • and 1.0 • at 60 Hz, which we consider to be sufficient to assess which in-game elements are being attended by the player. A recent study confirms the vendor's claimed accuracy [33], provided that the user does not wear glasses, the testing environment offers proper lighting conditions, and a correct calibration procedure is carried out.…”

Section: System Configurationmentioning

confidence: 60%

A Study on the Use of Eye Tracking to Adapt Gameplay and Procedural Content Generation in First-Person Shooter Games

Antunes

Santana

2018

MTI

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This paper studies the use of eye tracking in a First-Person Shooter (FPS) game as a mechanism to: (1) control the attention of the player's avatar according to the attention deployed by the player; and (2) guide the gameplay and game's procedural content generation, accordingly. This results in a more natural use of eye tracking in comparison to a use in which the eye tracker directly substitutes control input devices, such as gamepads. The study was conducted on a custom endless runner FPS, Zombie Runner, using an affordable eye tracker. Evaluation sessions showed that the proposed use of eye tracking provides a more challenging and immersive experience to the player, when compared to its absence. However, a strong correlation between eye tracker calibration problems and player's overall experience was found. This means that eye tracking technology still needs to evolve but also means that once technology gets mature enough players are expected to benefit greatly from the inclusion of eye tracking in their gaming experience.

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Section: System Configurationmentioning

confidence: 60%

A Study on the Use of Eye Tracking to Adapt Gameplay and Procedural Content Generation in First-Person Shooter Games

Antunes

Santana

2018

MTI

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“…Eye-tracking data were collected using a Gazepoint GP3 eye-tracker (Gazepoint, Canada; Zugal and Pinggera, 2014), which was positioned directly below the screen. Eye-tracking data were sampled at a 60 Hz rate, with the advertised device accuracy between 0.5° and 1°, spatial resolution of 0.1°, and up to 50 ms tracking latency.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of depression symptoms in individual subjects with face and eye movement tracking

2020

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Background Depression is a challenge to diagnose reliably and the current gold standard for trials of DSM-5 has been in agreement between two or more medical specialists. Research studies aiming to objectively predict depression have typically used brain scanning. Less expensive methods from cognitive neuroscience may allow quicker and more reliable diagnoses, and contribute to reducing the costs of managing the condition. In the current study we aimed to develop a novel inexpensive system for detecting elevated symptoms of depression based on tracking face and eye movements during the performance of cognitive tasks. Methods In total, 75 participants performed two novel cognitive tasks with verbal affective distraction elements while their face and eye movements were recorded using inexpensive cameras. Data from 48 participants (mean age 25.5 years, standard deviation of 6.1 years, 25 with elevated symptoms of depression) passed quality control and were included in a case-control classification analysis with machine learning. Results Classification accuracy using cross-validation (within-study replication) reached 79% (sensitivity 76%, specificity 82%), when face and eye movement measures were combined. Symptomatic participants were characterised by less intense mouth and eyelid movements during different stages of the two tasks, and by differences in frequencies and durations of fixations on affectively salient distraction words. Conclusions Elevated symptoms of depression can be detected with face and eye movement tracking during the cognitive performance, with a close to clinically-relevant accuracy (~80%). Future studies should validate these results in larger samples and in clinical populations.

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“…La decisión de usar dicho equipo obedeció a las razones siguientes: en primer lugar destaca que el ángulo visual del Gazepoint GP3 (0.5º a 1.0º) permite determinar adecuadamente las fijaciones de la vista (Barber et al, 2014); en segundo lugar, que al tratarse de un sistema remoto (Fong et al, 2015) que se monta directamente en la pantalla en la que se proyectan los estímulos no invasivo para los participantes; en tercer lugar, que hay evidencia empírica que soporta que la precisión de dicho dispositivo es adecuada para el tipo de investigación en cuestión (Zugal y Pinggera, 2014); y, finalmente, que se trata de uno de los nuevos dispositivos que ofrecen soporte de rastreo ocular a un coste razonable comparado con otras tecnologías (Zugal y Pinggera, 2014).…”

Section: Metodologíaunclassified

Desmitificando el valor de las imágenes de celebridades en sitios web de establecimientos de alojamiento turístico

Herrera

Perezchica

Rodríguez

2016

turismo

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RESUMENLa presencia de celebridades en el diseño Web se considera valiosa por sus influencias en el atractivo visual y la credibilidad percibidos, así como en el tiempo dedicado por los usuarios de la Generación Y a ver los sitios. La investigación y las evidencias empíricas al respecto son escasas, lo que compromete la efectividad de su uso en páginas Web. Se hizo una investigación causal con un experimento verdadero y rastreo ocular en el que participaron 126 sujetos. Los hallazgos refutan esas ideas y revelan que la presencia de celebridades en esos contenidos puede ser contraproducente para las empresas.Palabras clave: Rastreo ocular; atractivo visual; credibilidad; diseño Web; celebridades; marketing turístico. Demystifying the value of celebrities' images as source of value in accommodation promotion Websites ABSTRACTThe presence of celebrities' images on Websites is considered valuable since it is seen as a determinant factor of visual attractiveness, credibility and fixation time that Generation Y users assign to Websites. However, scientific research on this has been limited and empirical Recibido: 11 de marzo de 2015 Devuelto para su revisión: 10 de junio de 2015 Aceptado: 30 de octubre de 2015 Departamento de Estudios Sociales y Empresariales. Universidad de Quintana Roo. Campus Cozumel. Avenida Andrés Quintana Roo s/n Esq. 110 Sur frente a la Colonia San Gervasio. C.P. 77600. Cozumel, QUIN-TANA ROO (México). E-mail: aah@uqroo.edu.mx, lupita.mtz.perezchica@gmail.com, werever2487@gmail.com A. ALVARADO, M. G. MARTÍNEZ Y A. G. FERNÁNDEZ 40Cuadernos de Turismo, 38, (2016), evidence is scarce, which compromises the effectiveness of its use on Websites. Hence, a causal research, based on a true experiment and eye-tracking, was done. Findings refute those ideas and reveal that, surprisingly, the presence of celebrities in the content of Websites can be counterproductive for entrepreneurs.Keywords: Eye-tracking; visual attractiveness; credibility; Website design; celebrities; tourism marketing. INTRODUCCIÓNLas tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC) han sido utilizadas por productores, inversionistas y consumidores para tomar decisiones. De acuerdo con el Foro Económico Mundial (2014), hay tres aspectos que explican la acelerada expansión en su uso: costos cada vez más accesibles; apertura de las redes de acceso y mayor interconexión humano-computadora. En este contexto, la red World Wide Web cobró una relevancia significativa para las compañías en las últimas décadas como herramienta para la difusión de productos y servicios y las páginas Web constituyen, frecuentemente, la primera impresión proyectada por una organización al mercado (Robins y Holmes, 2008). Luego, resulta fundamental para empresas y organizaciones contar con sitios Web con diseños efectivos, atractivos y verosímiles capaces de captar la atención, el interés y la confianza de la audiencia a la que están dirigidos dado al incremento de compradores y consumidores virtuales (Cyr et al., 2009;Lavie y Tractinsky, 2004).Por otro la...

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Low–Cost Eye–Trackers: Useful for Information Systems Research?

Cited by 20 publications

References 23 publications

A Study on the Use of Eye Tracking to Adapt Gameplay and Procedural Content Generation in First-Person Shooter Games

A Study on the Use of Eye Tracking to Adapt Gameplay and Procedural Content Generation in First-Person Shooter Games

Prediction of depression symptoms in individual subjects with face and eye movement tracking

Desmitificando el valor de las imágenes de celebridades en sitios web de establecimientos de alojamiento turístico

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