Low-cost hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of pentanary Cu 2 Zn x Ni 1−x SnS 4 nanoparticle inks for thin film solar cell applications

Novel heterojunction superstrate Cu2ZnInS4−x (CZIS) thin film kesterite solar cell with vertical arrays of hexagonal ZnO nanorods window layer

“…The substitution of Sn (0.69 Å) with In (0.80 Å) did not alter the tetragonal crystal structure arrangement although the peaks have shifted slightly to the left. This is because the ionic radius of In is higher than that of Sn so it therefore increases the lattice constant leading to a shift in the diffraction peak to a lower angle [33,34]. The average crystallite size is calculated from Scherrer formula relation [11,35].…”

Effect of pH on the Synthesis of Cobalt Selenide Films by SILAR Method

“…The obtained films could be used in the solar control device, holographic, laser device 10 , sensor devices 11 , solar cell [12][13][14][15] and other optoelectronic devices 16 . The metal chalcogenide thin films have been produced by using different deposition techniques [17][18][19][20][21][22] such as electro deposition, spray pyrolysis, radio frequency sputtering, chemical vapour deposition, thermal evaporation, chemical bath deposition, solvo-thermal method, and successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method.…”

Fabrication of Cu4SnS4 Thin Films: Α Review

“…The preparation and characterization of binary [1][2][3][4][5][6], ternary [7][8][9][10], quaternary [11][12][13] and pentanary thin films [14][15][16][17][18] have been reported. In general, these films are produced using various physical and chemical deposition techniques [19], each having its own advantages and limitations.…”