Low-Cost LiDAR-GNSS-UAV Technology Development for PT Garam’s Three-Dimensional Stockpile Modelling Needs

Abstract

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), and LiDAR will be combined into one of the newest technologies to cover each other's deficiencies. Surveyors can use UAV, GNSS, and LiDAR multi-sensors to map the stockpile of salt PT Garam, whereas the previous process used manual calculations. LiDAR is a survey tool with a low price, around 999 USD. To minimise operational costs, surveyors can use Low-Cost LiDAR, GNSS, and UAV at around 638 USD. The results of the data obtained are calibrated with pitch, roll, and yaw to get the vertical height of the existing contours.