Low-cost photoacoustic imaging systems based on laser diode and light-emitting diode excitation

Yao, Qingkai; Ding, Yu; Liu, Guodong; Zeng, Lvming

doi:10.1142/s1793545817300038

Cited by 33 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Recently, Schwarz et al (36) introduced a PAI system with a high repetition rate (100 Hz) and a fast wavelength-tuning speed (10 ms). In addition, there have been efforts to develop affordable PAI systems, such as replacing the bulky solidstate lasers with diode lasers or light-emitting diodes and integrating the light source and the detector into a handheld probe (37,38). In efforts to make PAI more suitable for freehand scanning in a clinical environment, a concavemirror-shaped device attached to the ultrasound probe was proposed to not only protect an operator and a patient from unwanted exposure to the reflected laser light but also improve the signal-to-noise-ratio for deep tissue imaging (34).…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Directionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Development of Technology and Application of Photoacoustic Molecular Imaging Toward Clinical Translation

Nguyen

Steenbergen

et al. 2018

J Nucl Med

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The deep imaging capability and optical absorption contrast offered by photoacoustic imaging promote the use of this technology in clinical applications. By exploiting the optical absorption properties of endogenous chromophores such as hemoglobin and lipid, molecular information at a depth of a few centimeters can be unveiled. This information shows promise to reveal lesions indicating early stage of various human diseases, such as cancer and atherosclerosis. In addition, the use of exogenous contrast agents can further extend the capability of photoacoustic imaging in clinical diagnosis and treatment. In this review, the current state of the art and applications of photoacoustic molecular probes will be critically reviewed, as well as some spearheading translational efforts that have taken place over the past 5 years. Some of the most critical barriers to clinical translation of this novel technology will be discussed, and some thoughts will be given on future endeavors and pathways.

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Section: Conclusion and Future Directionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Development of Technology and Application of Photoacoustic Molecular Imaging Toward Clinical Translation

Nguyen

Steenbergen

et al. 2018

J Nucl Med

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“…However, to translate PAI technology to POC clinical applications and to resource-limited settings, a significant reduction in both cost and size is required. To address this challenge, several cost-effective alternatives for both the optical excitation [ 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ] and the ultrasound detection [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ] components have been explored, including for wearable applications [ 40 , 41 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoacoustic Imaging of Human Vasculature Using LED versus Laser Illumination: A Comparison Study on Tissue Phantoms and In Vivo Humans

Agrawal

Singh²,

Johnstonbaugh

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Vascular diseases are becoming an epidemic with an increasing aging population and increases in obesity and type II diabetes. Point-of-care (POC) diagnosis and monitoring of vascular diseases is an unmet medical need. Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) provides label-free multiparametric information of deep vasculature based on strong absorption of light photons by hemoglobin molecules. However, conventional PAI systems use bulky nanosecond lasers which hinders POC applications. Recently, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have emerged as cost-effective and portable optical sources for the PAI of living subjects. However, state-of-art LED arrays carry significantly lower optical energy (<0.5 mJ/pulse) and high pulse repetition frequencies (PRFs) (4 KHz) compared to the high-power laser sources (100 mJ/pulse) with low PRFs of 10 Hz. Given these tradeoffs between portability, cost, optical energy and frame rate, this work systematically studies the deep tissue PAI performance of LED and laser illuminations to help select a suitable source for a given biomedical application. To draw a fair comparison, we developed a fiberoptic array that delivers laser illumination similar to the LED array and uses the same ultrasound transducer and data acquisition platform for PAI with these two illuminations. Several controlled studies on tissue phantoms demonstrated that portable LED arrays with high frame averaging show higher signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of up to 30 mm depth, and the high-energy laser source was found to be more effective for imaging depths greater than 30 mm at similar frame rates. Label-free in vivo imaging of human hand vasculature studies further confirmed that the vascular contrast from LED-PAI is similar to laser-PAI for up to 2 cm depths. Therefore, LED-PAI systems have strong potential to be a mobile health care technology for diagnosing vascular diseases such as peripheral arterial disease and stroke in POC and resource poor settings.

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“…Different optical sources for the implementation of a low-cost PACT system have been discussed in [31,32]. Typically, a Q-switched Nd: YAG pulsed laser is employed in commercially available PACT systems that costs in the range of $15˜$100 K USD depending on the level of energy/pulse and the pulse width.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of cost reduction methods in photoacoustic computed tomography

et al. 2019

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Photoacoustic Computed Tomography (PACT) is a major configuration of photoacoustic imaging, a hybrid noninvasive modality for both functional and molecular imaging. PACT has rapidly gained importance in the field of biomedical imaging due to superior performance as compared to conventional optical imaging counterparts. However, the overall cost of developing a PACT system is one of the challenges towards clinical translation of this novel technique. The cost of a typical commercial PACT system originates from optical source, ultrasound detector, and data acquisition unit. With growing applications of photoacoustic imaging, there is a tremendous demand towards reducing its cost. In this review article, we have discussed various approaches to reduce the overall cost of a PACT system, and provided a cost estimation to build a low-cost PACT system.

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Low-cost photoacoustic imaging systems based on laser diode and light-emitting diode excitation

Cited by 33 publications

References 85 publications

Recent Development of Technology and Application of Photoacoustic Molecular Imaging Toward Clinical Translation

Recent Development of Technology and Application of Photoacoustic Molecular Imaging Toward Clinical Translation

Photoacoustic Imaging of Human Vasculature Using LED versus Laser Illumination: A Comparison Study on Tissue Phantoms and In Vivo Humans

Review of cost reduction methods in photoacoustic computed tomography

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