“…Several microstrip array antennas have been extensively employed in radar and other wireless communications systems [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Although they have promising features, such as low profile, low cost, and fabrication ease, their low-power handling capacity and high losses often make them less suitable for marine radar [ 18 , 19 , 20 ].…”