Low-Cost Sensors for Indoor and Outdoor Pollution

Frederickson, Louise Bøge; Petersen-Sonn, Emma Amalie; Shen, Yuwei; Hertel, Ole; Hong, Youwei; Schmidt, Johan A.; Johnson, Matthew S.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2493-6_1084-1

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…This could improve the calculation of T mrt using the black globe thermometer and the calculation of PET, notably when airing a room or during v below the threshold of the cup anemometer at semi-outdoor locations. Another interesting addition would be a low-cost air quality or CO 2 sensor to inform workers about the need to vent indoor air [67,68]. Because the enclosure of the MoBiMet is not waterproof, determination of human thermal comfort is only possible at indoor and semi-outdoor workplaces.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Low-Cost Sensor Network for Real-Time Thermal Stress Monitoring and Communication in Occupational Contexts

Sulzer

Christen

Matzarakis

2022

Sensors

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The MoBiMet (Mobile Biometeorology System) is a low-cost device for thermal comfort monitoring, designed for long-term deployment in indoor or semi-outdoor occupational contexts. It measures air temperature, humidity, globe temperature, brightness temperature, light intensity, and wind, and is capable of calculating thermal indices (e.g., physiologically equivalent temperature (PET)) on site. It visualizes its data on an integrated display and sends them continuously to a server, where web-based visualizations are available in real-time. Data from many MoBiMets deployed in real occupational settings were used to demonstrate their suitability for large-scale and continued monitoring of thermal comfort in various contexts (industrial, commercial, offices, agricultural). This article describes the design and the performance of the MoBiMet. Alternative methods to determine mean radiant temperature (Tmrt) using a light intensity sensor and a contactless infrared thermopile were tested next to a custom-made black globe thermometer. Performance was assessed by comparing the MoBiMet to an independent mid-cost thermal comfort sensor. It was demonstrated that networked MoBiMets can detect differences of thermal comfort at different workplaces within the same building, and between workplaces in different companies in the same city. The MoBiMets can capture spatial and temporal differences of thermal comfort over the diurnal cycle, as demonstrated in offices with different stories and with different solar irradiances in a single high-rise building. The strongest sustained heat stress was recorded at industrial workplaces with heavy machinery.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Low-Cost Sensor Network for Real-Time Thermal Stress Monitoring and Communication in Occupational Contexts

Sulzer

Christen

Matzarakis

2022

Sensors

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“…For NO 2 measurements, the NO2B43F sensor [37] is used. This is an amperometric electrochemical gas sensor containing four electrodes, where the working principle is based on electrochemistry [19]. The target gas enters the working electrode by diffusion, where it is chemically reduced, resulting in a current signal.…”

Section: Description Of the Sensor Node Agomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is significant interest in using low-cost sensors to characterize personal exposure by measuring pollution concentrations in micro-environments in which people spend time, such as the workplace, at home and in various means of transport used during commuting [19]. Combining the different pollution sensors into a node (with signal processing and communication, as well as data storage and analysis) forms a useful tool to assess air quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring Excess Exposure to Air Pollution for Professional Drivers in London Using Low-Cost Sensors

et al. 2020

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In this pilot study, low-cost air pollution sensor nodes were fitted in waste removal trucks, hospital vans and taxis to record drivers’ exposure to air pollution in Central London. Particulate matter (PM 2.5 and PM 10 ), CO 2 , NO 2 , temperature and humidity were recorded in real-time with nodes containing low-cost sensors, an electrochemical gas sensor for NO 2 , an optical particle counter for PM 2.5 and PM 10 and a non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) sensor for CO 2 , temperature and relative humidity. An intervention using a pollution filter to trap PM and NO 2 was also evaluated. The measurements were compared with urban background and roadside monitoring stations at Honor Oak Park and Marylebone Road, respectively. The vehicle records show PM and NO 2 concentrations similar to Marylebone Road and a higher NO 2 -to-PM ratio than at Honor Oak Park. Drivers are exposed to elevated pollution levels relative to Honor Oak Park: 1.72 μ g m − 3 , 1.92 μ g m − 3 and 58.38 ppb for PM 2.5 , PM 10 , and NO 2 , respectively. The CO 2 levels ranged from 410 to over 4000 ppm. There is a significant difference in average concentrations of PM 2.5 and PM 10 between the vehicle types and a non-significant difference in the average concentrations measured with and without the pollution filter within the sectors. In conclusion, drivers face elevated air pollution exposure as part of their jobs.

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“…Low-cost sensors (LCS) have the potential to revolutionise air quality monitoring. There is no agreed definition of a low-cost sensor, however, they are far cheaper, smaller and record with greater time-resolution than traditional methods [ 12 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. This means that they can be deployed in greater numbers, used in mobile applications, and in areas where monitoring is not currently possible, all with high time-resolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, together with the many benefits LCS have over traditional methods, they also have outstanding issues with data quality. In particular, LCS suffer from issues with selectivity, sensitivity, and stability, all of which detract from their overall accuracy [ 12 , 17 , 22 , 23 ]. These issues are typical to all LCS but also depend on the sensor’s principle of operation, and the context they are used in.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Ambient Sensing Environment—A New Method for Calibrating Low-Cost Gas Sensors

Russell

Frederickson

Kwiatkowski³

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Accurate calibration of low-cost gas sensors is, at present, a time consuming and difficult process. Laboratory calibration and field calibration methods are currently used, but laboratory calibration is generally discounted due to poor transferability, and field methods requiring several weeks are standard. The Enhanced Ambient Sensing Environment (EASE) method described in this article, is a hybrid of the two, combining the advantages of a laboratory calibration with the increased accuracy of a field calibration. It involves calibrating sensors inside a duct, drawing in ambient air with similar properties to the site where the sensors will operate, but with the added feature of being able to artificially increases or decrease pollutant levels, thus condensing the calibration period required. Calibration of both metal-oxide (MOx) and electrochemical (EC) gas sensors for the measurement of NO2 and O3 (0–120 ppb) were conducted in EASE, laboratory and field environments, and validated in field environments. The EC sensors performed marginally better than MOx sensors for NO2 measurement and sensor performance was similar for O3 measurement, but the EC sensor nodes had less node inter-node variability and were more robust. For both gasses and sensor types the EASE calibration outperformed the laboratory calibration, and performed similarly to or better than the field calibration, whilst requiring a fraction of the time.

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Low-Cost Sensors for Indoor and Outdoor Pollution

Cited by 5 publications

References 87 publications

A Low-Cost Sensor Network for Real-Time Thermal Stress Monitoring and Communication in Occupational Contexts

A Low-Cost Sensor Network for Real-Time Thermal Stress Monitoring and Communication in Occupational Contexts

Monitoring Excess Exposure to Air Pollution for Professional Drivers in London Using Low-Cost Sensors

Enhanced Ambient Sensing Environment—A New Method for Calibrating Low-Cost Gas Sensors

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