Low-cost vacuum compatible liquid cell for hard X-ray absorption spectroscopy

Abstract

We present the design, fabrication, and commissioning of a new liquid cell for Xray absorption spectroscopy, that allows measurement in both transmission and fluorescence modes. The design consists of easily demountable and replaceable parts: body, kapton windows, silicon or viton o-rings, washers and a stopper screw. The pathlengths of the liquid chamber can be changed by simply substituting the elastomer o-ring, that can be cut from commercial silicon tubes, making the cell extremely customizable to overcome experimental constraints. The sealing of the liquid has been proved to be vacuum compatible. The compact and simple design makes the cell adjustable to cryogenic applications. Finally the advent of the 3d printing machines makes the cell potentially very competitive from a cost point of view (each unit is estimated less to be than 10 €)

Phytochemical Profile, Bioactive Properties, and Se Speciation of Se-Biofortified Red Radish (Raphanus sativus), Green Pea (Pisum sativum), and Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Microgreens

“…Powdered microgreen samples (∼20 mg) were pressed into 5 mm pellets using a hydraulic press. Aqueous solutions of the Se references (sodium selenite, sodium selenate, seleno- l -methionine, seleno- l -cystine, and selenomethylcysteine) were measured in transmission mode (100–200 mM concentration) at room temperature using the in-house-designed 3D-printed liquid cell . The spectra of microgreens were collected in fluorescence mode using a multielement silicon drift detector with Xspress3 electronics, while the reference spectra were measured in transmission mode using gas ionization chambers.…”

“…Aqueous solutions of the Se references (sodium selenite, sodium selenate, seleno-L-methionine, seleno-L-cystine, and selenomethylcysteine) were measured in transmission mode (100− 200 mM concentration) at room temperature using the in-housedesigned 3D-printed liquid cell. 26 The spectra of microgreens were collected in fluorescence mode using a multielement silicon drift detector with Xspress3 electronics, while the reference spectra were measured in transmission mode using gas ionization chambers. The spectra were collected on three spots for each sample to take into account possible inhomogeneities when mixing the powders of the replicates used.…”

Electromechanically active pair dynamics in a Gd-doped ceria single crystal

“…The spectra were normalized with the Athena and Artemis software, within the IFEFFIT package 29 . For the temperature control, we conditioned the sample in a cryostat 28,30,31 , cooling with a liquid nitrogen line (LN 2 -cryo) passed through the sample holder. The pressure was set to P ≈ 10 -3 mbar to maintain the X-ray beam intensity.…”