Low coverage of HIV testing among adolescents and young adults in Nigeria: Implication for achieving the UNAIDS first 95

Ajayi, Anthony Idowu; Awopegba, Oluwafemi Emmanuel; Adeagbo, Oluwafemi; Ushie, Boniface Ayanbekongshie

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0233368

Cited by 69 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Of the other determinants analysed, this study found strong evidence of higher odds of HIV testing among the most educated women, consistent with other studies on youth in the SSA region (19,32,60). The education-based inequity widened in the last survey, mostly among non-pregnant women, indicating the need to reach the least educated youths.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The positive changes in testing uptake highlighted above among men and non-pregnant women have also been accompanied by a constant gap in the trend of HIV testing coverage between genders, with men being generally less well covered than women. Similar differences among youth were reported in Nigeria, Mozambique, and Uganda (60,61). The persistence of higher testing rates among non-pregnant women compared to men may be due to their higher demand of HTC services, caused by a greater perception of HIV risk resulting from their vulnerability and frequent exposures to sexual intercourse with older partners with whom they may have less control over condom use (8,62).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…The proportions achieved in testing coverage among adolescents in 2018 are still far from the testing targets set by the Zambian Ministry of Health for this year (70% and 50% for adolescent girls and boys, respectively) (8). A recent study in Zambia and several other countries from the SSA region have also reported lower odds of testing among adolescents (19,32,60,61). Most supported the fact that older age is likely to confer more sexual experience and better knowledge of HIV, which may accordingly improve the perception of the risk and affect the need for HIV testing (19,71,72).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Changes over time in HIV testing and counselling uptake and associated factors among youth in Zambia: A cross-sectional analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys from 2007 to 2018

Heri

Cavallaro

Ahmed

et al. 2021

Preprint

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IntroductionZambia is among the countries with the highest HIV burden and where youth remain disproportionally affected. Access to HIV testing and counselling (HTC) is a crucial step to ensure the reduction of HIV transmission. This study examines the changes that occurred between 2007 and 2018 in access to HTC, inequities in testing uptake, and determinants of HTC uptake among youth.MethodsWe carried out repeated cross-sectional analyses using three Zambian Demographic and Health Surveys (2007, 2013-14, and 2018). We calculated the percentage of women and men ages 15-24 years old who were tested for HIV in the last 12 months. We analysed inequity in HTC coverage using indicators of absolute inequality. We performed bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to identify predictors of HTC uptake in the last 12 months.ResultsHIV testing uptake increased between 2007 and 2018, from 45% to 92% among pregnant women, 10% to 58% among non-pregnant women, and from 10% to 49% among men. By 2018 roughly 60% of youth tested in the past 12 months used a government health centre. Mobile clinics were the second most common source reaching up to 32% among adolescent boys by 2018. Multivariate analysis conducted among men and non-pregnant women showed higher odds of testing among 20-24 year-olds than adolescents (aOR=1.55, [95%CI:1.30-1.84], among men; and aOR=1.74, [1.40-2.15] among women). Among men, being circumcised (aOR=1.57, [1.32-1.88]) and in a union (aOR=2.44, [1.83-3.25]) were associated with increased odds of testing. For women greater odds of testing were associated with higher levels of education (aOR=6.97, [2.82-17.19]) and not reporting HIV-related stigma. Education-based inequity was considerably widened among women than men by 2018.ConclusionHTC uptake among Zambian youth improved considerably by 2018 and reached 65% and 49% tested in the last 12 months for women and men, respectively. However, achieving the goal of 90% envisioned by 2020 will require sustaining the success gained through government health centres, and scaling up community-led approaches proven acceptable and effective in reaching young men and adolescent girls who are less easy to reach through the government facilities.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Changes over time in HIV testing and counselling uptake and associated factors among youth in Zambia: A cross-sectional analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys from 2007 to 2018

Heri

Cavallaro

Ahmed

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Although testing for HIV is the cornerstone of ultimate prevention, most children and young adolescents are still unaware of their status [ 27 ]. Testing uptake is higher among adults compared to children as evidenced from the 2017 Multiple Indicators Cluster survey [ 28 ]. There is evidence that HIV negative women seroconvert during the breast feeding period [ 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlates of uptake of HIV testing among children and young adolescents in Akwa-Ibom state, Nigeria: a secondary data analysis of the Akwa-Ibom aids indicator survey, 2017

Adetoro

Khamofu²,

Badru³

et al. 2021

BMC Pediatr

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Background In order to end the AIDS epidemic by 2030, there is a need to significantly reduce the rate of new infection among children and young adolescents. Identifying the correlates of testing behaviour is necessary to improve HIV testing campaigns by refining messages that target individuals in this age group. The objective of this study was to determine the correlates of HIV testing among children and young adolescents in Akwa-Ibom, Nigeria. Methods The outcome was a secondary data analysis of the 2017 Akwa-Ibom AIDS Indicator Survey. Data of 4037 children and young adolescents aged 0–14 years was assessed in this study. Analysis was done using STATA version 16. Chi-squared test and logistic regression models were used to measure association and its strength between uptake of HIV testing and some independent variables (child/caregiver’s age, sex, educational status, child’s location, caregiver’s knowledge of HIV and caregiver ever tested for HIV) at 5% significance level. Results Result showed that only 14.2% of the children and young adolescents have been tested for HIV. Previous history of blood transfusion (AOR = 5.33, 95%C.I = 2.60–10.92, P = < 0.001), caregiver’s level of education (AOR = 2.67, 95%C.I = 1.30–5.51, P = 0.008) and caregiver ever tested for HIV (AOR = 8.31, 95%C.I = 5.67–12.19, P = < 0.001) were significantly associated with uptake of HIV testing. Conclusion This study concludes that a large proportion of children and young adolescents in Akwa-Ibom state have never been tested for HIV. There is a need for HIV testing interventions to be targeted towards this age groups and their parents/guardian. Addressing the knowledge gap amongst caregivers especially in rural areas is crucial towards improving the effectiveness of HIV testing interventions.

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“…We found that being female, being presently or previously married, having at least a primary education, living in an urban area, and coming from a wealthy home were linked to a higher likelihood of being screened for HIV. Although some of these factors have previously been linked to HIV screening [18,19], their geographical-level distributions and contributions have not been studied in Mozambique.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Covariates and Spatial Interpolation of HIV Screening in Mozambique: Insight from the 2015 AIDS Indicator Survey

Agbadi

Nutor²,

Darkwah

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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We examined the factors associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) screening and developed a HIV screening prevalence surface map using spatial interpolation techniques to identify the geographical areas with the highest and lowest rates of HIV screening in Mozambique. We analyzed the cross-sectional 2015 Mozambique AIDS Indicator Surveys with an analytic sample of 12,995 participants. Analyses were conducted on SPSS-21, STATA-14, and R freeware 3.5.3. We adjusted for the sample design and population weights. Results indicated that 52.5% of Mozambicans had undergone HIV screening. Mozambicans with these characteristics have a higher probability of undergoing HIV screening: females, those with a primary education or higher, urban dwellers, residents of wealthy households, having at least one lifetime sexual partner, and dwelling in these provinces—Niassa, Tete, Manica, Sofala, Inhambane, Gaza, Maputo Provincia, and Maputo Cidade. The spatial map revealed that the national and regional estimates mask sub-regional level estimates. Generally, zones with the highest HIV screening prevalence are found in southern provinces while the lowest prevalence was found in the northern provinces. The map further revealed intraregional differences in HIV screening estimates. We recommend that HIV screening be expanded, with equitable screening resource allocations that target more nuanced areas within provinces which have a low HIV screening prevalence.

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Low coverage of HIV testing among adolescents and young adults in Nigeria: Implication for achieving the UNAIDS first 95

Cited by 69 publications

References 30 publications

Changes over time in HIV testing and counselling uptake and associated factors among youth in Zambia: A cross-sectional analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys from 2007 to 2018

Changes over time in HIV testing and counselling uptake and associated factors among youth in Zambia: A cross-sectional analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys from 2007 to 2018

Correlates of uptake of HIV testing among children and young adolescents in Akwa-Ibom state, Nigeria: a secondary data analysis of the Akwa-Ibom aids indicator survey, 2017

Covariates and Spatial Interpolation of HIV Screening in Mozambique: Insight from the 2015 AIDS Indicator Survey

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