“…During the past several decades, considerable efforts have been focused on the cyclic deformation behavior and corresponding microscopic physical mechanism of ASS, including types of Cr-Ni-Fe alloy (such as 316L [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ], 304 [ 16 , 17 , 18 ], Sancro 25 [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ] and Inconel 617 [ 24 ]) and rich-Mn alloy (Hadfield steel [ 25 , 26 , 27 ]). It has been widely recognized that transient cyclic hardening followed by long-term cyclic softening is the main macroscopic characteristic for ASSs under strain-controlled cyclic loading at the room temperature.…”