“…In recent years, Pb-based perovskite materials have been widely used in solar cells, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), photoelectric detectors, and so on. [1][2][3][4][5] Among them, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are drawing great interest owing to the impressive advantages of perovskite materials, such as their large absorption coefficient, long diffusion length of charges, high carrier mobility, and low exciton binding energy. [6][7][8][9] Compared to Pbbased PSCs, these PSCs without Pb, which supersede Pb with Sn, Bi, Ge, Sb, and Cu, [10][11][12][13] oen show a lower activation energy of formation and undergo faster crystallization, resulting in the poor morphology of perovskite lms and awful photovoltaic performance.…”