Low density solvent based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by vortex-assisted magnetic nanoparticle based solid-phase extraction and surfactant enhanced spectrofluorimetric detection for the determination of aflatoxins in pistachio nuts

Taherimaslak, Zohreh; Amoli‐Diva, Mitra; Allahyari, Mehdi; Pourghazi, Kamyar; Manafi, Mohammad Hanif

doi:10.1039/c4ra11484a

Cited by 23 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Some modification techniques were performed with lower density organic solvents, resulting in improvements in DLLME methods. Thus, DLLME may be classified into two broad categories, depending on the extraction solvent used; lower-density or higher-density solvents [ 13 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The well-established QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method, based on ACN extraction followed by a salting-out and quick dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE), expands the polarity range of the amenable compounds and allows extract purification by using small amounts of non-chlorinated organic solvents [ 8 ]. Dispersive liquid–liquid micro extraction (DLLME), which is based on a ternary component solvent system, enhances the surface area between the organic and the aqueous phase, facilitating the achievement of an equilibrium state, markedly reducing extraction time and enhancing enrichment factors [ 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mycotoxin Analysis of Human Urine by LC-MS/MS: A Comparative Extraction Study

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et al. 2017

Toxins

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The lower mycotoxin levels detected in urine make the development of sensitive and accurate analytical methods essential. Three extraction methods, namely salting-out liquid–liquid extraction (SALLE), miniQuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe), and dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME), were evaluated and compared based on analytical parameters for the quantitative LC-MS/MS measurement of 11 mycotoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2, OTA, ZEA, BEA, EN A, EN B, EN A1 and EN B1) in human urine. DLLME was selected as the most appropriate methodology, as it produced better validation results for recovery (79–113%), reproducibility (RSDs < 12%), and repeatability (RSDs < 15%) than miniQuEChERS (71–109%, RSDs <14% and <24%, respectively) and SALLE (70–108%, RSDs < 14% and < 24%, respectively). Moreover, the lowest detection (LODS) and quantitation limits (LOQS) were achieved with DLLME (LODs: 0.005–2 μg L−1, LOQs: 0.1–4 μg L−1). DLLME methodology was used for the analysis of 10 real urine samples from healthy volunteers showing the presence of ENs B, B1 and A1 at low concentrations.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxin Analysis of Human Urine by LC-MS/MS: A Comparative Extraction Study

Escrivá

Manyes

Font

et al. 2017

Toxins

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“…In general, an addition of a salt improves extraction yield of analytes due to a decrease in solubility of organic compounds in the aqueous phase resulting from an increase in ionic strength of a solution. On the other hand, however, an addition of a salt increases density and viscosity of a sample, thus lowering the effectiveness of emulsification as a result of decreased solubility of an extraction solvent in the aqueous phase . To examine the effect of salting out on VSC extraction yield, 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 g of sodium chloride were added to samples.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New procedure for the control of the treatment of industrial effluents to remove volatile organosulfur compounds

et al. 2016

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We present a new procedure for the determination of volatile organosulfur compounds in samples of industrial effluents using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and gas chromatography with flame photometric detection. Initially, the extraction parameters were optimized. These included: type and volume of extraction solvent, volume of disperser solvent, salting out effect, pH, time and speed of centrifugation as well as extraction time. The procedure was validated for 30 compounds. The developed procedure has low detection limits of 0.0071-0.49 μg/L and a good precision (relative standard deviation values of 1.2-5.0 and 0.6-4.1% at concentrations of 1 and 10 μg/L, respectively). The procedure was used to determine the content of volatile organosulfur compounds in samples of effluents from the production of bitumens before and after chemical treatment, in which six compounds were identified, including 2-mercaptoethanol, thiophenol, thioanisole, dipropyl disulfide, 1-decanethiol, and phenyl isothiocyanate at concentrations ranging from 0.47 to 8.89 μg/L. Problems in the determination of organosulfur compounds related to considerable changes in composition of the effluents, increase in concentration of individual compounds and appearance of secondary pollutants during effluent treatment processes are also discussed.

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“…It is important to highlight that this review article focuses on those articles that clearly incorporate FFs in analytical studies. Table 1 contains a summary of those analytical applications using FFs [5][6][7][8][9][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]28,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44]. As it can be observed, different analytes have been determined in a wide variety of samples, using all the types of FFs.…”

Section: Ffs In Analytical Sample Preparation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Ferrofluids in Analytical Sample Preparation: A Review

2021

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Ferrofluids (FFs) constitute a type of tunable magnetic material, formed by magnetic nanoparticles suspended in a liquid carrier. The astonishing magnetic properties of these materials and their liquid nature have led to their extended use in different applications, including fields such as magnetochemistry, optics, and biomedicine, among others. Recently, FFs have been incorporated as extractant materials in magnetic-driven analytical sample preparation procedures, thus, permitting the development of different applications. FF-based extraction takes advantage of both the magnetic susceptibility of the nanoparticles and the properties of the liquid carrier, which are responsible for a wide variety of interactions with analytes and ultimately are a key factor in achieving better extraction performance. This review article classifies existing FFs in terms of the solvent used as a carrier (organic solvents, water, ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, and supramolecular solvents) while overviewing the most relevant analytical applications in the last decade.

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Low density solvent based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by vortex-assisted magnetic nanoparticle based solid-phase extraction and surfactant enhanced spectrofluorimetric detection for the determination of aflatoxins in pistachio nuts

Abstract: A novel extraction method based on DLLME followed by VA-D-SPE was developed to determine total aflatoxins in pistachio.

Cited by 23 publications

References 30 publications

Mycotoxin Analysis of Human Urine by LC-MS/MS: A Comparative Extraction Study

Mycotoxin Analysis of Human Urine by LC-MS/MS: A Comparative Extraction Study

New procedure for the control of the treatment of industrial effluents to remove volatile organosulfur compounds

The Use of Ferrofluids in Analytical Sample Preparation: A Review

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