We present the facile synthesis of crystalline V 2 O 5 nanorods and V 2 O 5 /TiO 2 nanocomposites structures by a carbon nanocage (CNC)-assisted growth process, using vanadium triisopropoxide oxide and titanium isopropoxide precursors in air at 500 C. The diameters of the resultant V 2 O 5 nanorods ranged between $10 and 70 nm, while the crystalline V 2 O 5 /TiO 2 nanocomposite structures adopted a unique morphology, due to both crystallisation and templating processes, with V 2 O 5 adopting small-diameter nanowire and nanorod morphologies surrounded by sub-30 nm TiO 2 nanoparticles. The V 2 O 5 nanorods and V 2 O 5 /TiO 2 nanocomposites were characterised by electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques and subsequently reviewed as positive Li-ion electrodes. The phase-pure V 2 O 5 nanorod structures exhibited appreciable Li + storage properties over the potential range of 2.0-4.0 V vs. Li/Li + , displaying capacities of up to 288 mA h g À1 with appreciable cyclic behaviour at test rates of up to $1 C. The crystalline V 2 O 5 /TiO 2 nanocomposite structures displayed similar Li + storage properties, however, increasing molar fractions of TiO 2 led to a decline in the overall capacity versus the single-phase V 2 O 5 counterparts. Interestingly, the Li + insertion behaviour of the V 2 O 5 /TiO 2 nanocomposite displayed character more-typical of amorphous V 2 O 5 , which was ascribed to a structural buffering effect of the inactive TiO 2 phase.