Low-dose caudal versus dorsal penile nerve block for postoperative analgesia after circumcision: a randomized comparative study

Abstract

Circumcision is a well-recognized surgical procedure that has been described since ancient times [1]. It is estimated that about 30% of males undergo circumcision worldwide [2]. It is usually carried out for religious reasons in Muslim and Jewish countries but is also performed due to medical indications, which include chronic sclerosing inflammation and phimosis [3].Pain after paediatric circumcision is severe, especially during the early postoperative period. Inadequate pain control in paediatrics could pose adverse effects, including, adverse haemodynamic, hormonal, metabolic, immunological-inflammatory responses, postoperative restless and agitation, disturbed sleep rhythm, and exaggerated pain perception with later painful surgical exposures. Therefore, it is better to prevent the onset of pain than to relieve it [4,5].Regional anaesthesia procedures can be safely utilized as adjuvant to general anaesthesia to