Low-dose computed tomography screening reduces lung cancer mortality

Ostrowski, Marcin; Rzyman, Witold

doi:10.1016/j.advms.2017.12.002

Cited by 28 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…In a highrisk population, the most commonly used lung cancer screening and early detection method is thoracic lowdose CT (LDCT). This method was recommended by the National Lung Screening Trial, which demonstrated the LDCT efficacy for detecting lung cancer, resulting in a 20% reduction in patient mortality when compared to those patients screened using conventional chest xrays [14,15]. However, there are many LDCT screening limitations, and, as an inefficient diagnostic tool, it has a high false positive rate of 96.6%.…”

Section: Early Lung Cancer Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current advances in early detection, residual disease monitoring and treatment response in lung cancer: liquid biopsy

Güven¹,

Gülhan²

2018

Curr Thorac Surg

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Lung cancer exhibits the highest mortality rate of all malignant tumors, and only a minority of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients are diagnosed with localized, early stage tumors. Unfortunately, NSCLC is usually detected at advanced and inoperable stages. Tumor biomarkers can detect early stage lung cancer independently or in combination with low-dose computed tomography-based screening techniques. A liquid biopsy is a noninvasive modality for the pathological and molecular characterization of cancer, and it can be isolated from bodily fluids. There are a variety of biological elements that can be isolated from the peripheral blood, such as exosomes, circulating cell-free (tumor) DNA, circulating tumor cells, and microRNA. A liquid biopsy can be used to detect somatic mutations before treatment and dynamically during treatment, and to monitor the treatment response. It can also be used for minimal residual disease quantification, and to determine the emergence of therapy resistance. Despite the numerous research studies showing successful results, clinically available lung cancer biomarkers do not have sufficiently high specificity and sensitivity for widespread use. Therefore, universal experimental and therapeutic research regarding advanced molecular diagnostics has become necessary.

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Section: Early Lung Cancer Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current advances in early detection, residual disease monitoring and treatment response in lung cancer: liquid biopsy

Güven¹,

Gülhan²

2018

Curr Thorac Surg

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“…Although the progress is rapid, due to the heterogeneity of cancer, further research is still required. Epidemiological data of colorectal cancer and lung cancer in recent decades tells us that cancer prevention and early detection are far more effective than their treatment in controlling cancer mortality [9,10]. The application of immune cell therapy in disease prevention, especially cancer, may greatly reduce the occurrence or relapse of these diseases [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Normalization Strategy Against Suboptimal Health Status: Safe and Effective Mixed-Natural Killer Cell Therapy

Xing

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Immune normalization has emerged as a new paradigm in immunotherapy, which is proposed in cancer patients instead of the traditional immune enhancement therapy. The immune normalization strategy may also be implemented in cancer prevention of sub-healthy individuals.Methods: We established in vitro cultured mixed-Natural Killer cells (NKM), which could be used to achieve immune normalization. We defined the sub-healthy individuals after analyzing the PD-1 ratio in PBMCs from 95 donors over 50 years of age.Results: NKM were composed by approximately 20% NK cells (CD3-CD16+ or CD56+), 30% NKT-like cells (CD3+CD16+ or CD56+) and other T cells. The in vitro cytotoxicity of NKM was ten times higher than the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). NKM cytotoxicity was negatively correlated with the ratio of regulatory T cells (CD3+CD4+ T), and positively correlated with the ratio of NK cells, especially CD56brightCD16bright NK cells. We found the sub-healthy individuals displayed significantly higher ratio of CD3+PD-1+ T cells in PBMC (Ratio > 4%) and higher ratio of CD3+CD8+PD-1+ T cells in CD3+CD8+ T cells (Ratio > 10%) than the healthy controls. Then, we evaluated the potential clinical application of NKM therapy in one pancreatic cancer patient and four sub-healthy individuals.Conclusions: NKM therapy showed good tolerance and no side effects were found. In sub-healthy individuals, the ratio of CD3+PD-1+ T cells and CD3+CD8+PD-1+ T cells was significantly reduced after NKM treatment, which indicated that NKM therapy could potentially be used for cancer prevention and health care, thereby achieving the immune normalization.Trial registration: International Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, BIH-2018-1001. 01 August 2018, BOAO International Hospital.International Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, BIH-2018-1002. 01 August 2018, BOAO International Hospital.

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“…According to the United States National Institutes of Health Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Result Program, only 16% of the newly diagnosed lung cancers are at the early‐stage . Hence, in order to improve cancer detection in early‐stage lung cancer patients, immense efforts have been invested in exploring potential molecular biomarkers and developing novel strategies for screening and early detection of the disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting Ultralow Frequency Mutation in Circulating Cell‐Free DNA of Early‐Stage Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Patients with Unique Molecular Identifiers

Yang

Zheng

et al. 2019

Small Methods

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The performance of next generation sequencing in profiling somatic mutations from plasma samples, especially in early‐stage cancer, is limited by its sensitivity due to the extremely low amount of cell‐free DNA (cfDNA). Polymerase‐chain reaction amplification of limited amounts of DNA often results in product redundancy and the amplification of contaminant DNA. Numerous methods have been developed to detect and quantify ultralow frequency mutations. In this study, the potential of tagging each DNA molecule with a unique molecular identifier (UMI) is explored to detect ultralow frequency mutations in early‐stage lung cancer patients. Paired tissue and blood samples from 32 patients with early‐stage (stage IA‐IIB) nonsmall cell lung cancer are sequenced using a panel consisting of 168 cancer‐related genes. Collectively, 93.8% of tissue samples and 59.4% of plasma samples have mutations detected. The concordance rates are acceptable for all patients except for stage IA. Notably, mutations at an alleleic frequency as low as 0.1% are detected in UMI‐tagged cfDNA samples. Moreover, patients with nonadenocarcinoma histology have a significantly higher detection rate than patients with adenocarcinoma (92.9% vs 33.3%, P = 0.002). The study demonstrates the potential of UMI in early detection of lung cancer from plasma samples.

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Low-dose computed tomography screening reduces lung cancer mortality

Cited by 28 publications

References 70 publications

Current advances in early detection, residual disease monitoring and treatment response in lung cancer: liquid biopsy

Current advances in early detection, residual disease monitoring and treatment response in lung cancer: liquid biopsy

Immune Normalization Strategy Against Suboptimal Health Status: Safe and Effective Mixed-Natural Killer Cell Therapy

Detecting Ultralow Frequency Mutation in Circulating Cell‐Free DNA of Early‐Stage Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Patients with Unique Molecular Identifiers

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