Low-Dose Doxycycline Treatment Normalizes Levels of Some Salivary Metabolites Associated with Oral Microbiota in Patients with Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome

Abstract

Saliva is a complex oral fluid, and plays a major role in oral health. Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS), as an autoimmune disease that typically causes hyposalivation. In the present study, salivary metabolites were studied from stimulated saliva samples (n = 15) of female patients with pSS in a group treated with low-dose doxycycline (LDD), saliva samples (n = 10) of non-treated female patients with pSS, and saliva samples (n = 14) of healthy age-matched females as controls. Saliva samples were analyzed with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) based on the non-targeted metabolomics method. The saliva metabolite profile differed between pSS patients and the healthy control (HC). In the pSS patients, the LDD treatment normalized saliva levels of several metabolites, including tyrosine glutamine dipeptide, phenylalanine isoleucine dipeptide, valine leucine dipeptide, phenylalanine, pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), urocanic acid, and salivary lipid cholesteryl palmitic acid (CE 16:0), to levels seen in the saliva samples of the HC. In conclusion, the data showed that pSS is associated with an altered saliva metabolite profile compared to the HC and that the LLD treatment normalized levels of several metabolites associated with dysbiosis of oral microbiota in pSS patients. The role of the saliva metabolome in pSS pathology needs to be further studied to clarify if saliva metabolite levels can be used to predict or monitor the progress and treatment of pSS.

Perspective Chapter: Pulmonary System and Sjogren’s Syndrome

“…The analized A253 cells, once primed with H. Parainfluenzae exposure, induced suppression of CD4 T cell proliferation and induction of PD-L1 expression [122]. Moreover, treatment with low-dose doxycycline normalized the levels of some salivary metabolites associated with the dysbiotic microenvironment in patients with pSS to levels comparable with healthy controls [123]. These findings support the role of the microbiome on pSS pathogenesis and mucosal dysfunction.…”

Characteristics of gut microbiota in patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome in Northern China

“…pSS is characterized by dryness of the mouth and eyes. Several previous studies have reported dysbiotic salivary microbiota in pSS patients [17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Intestinal dysbiosis has recently been considered a possible environmental influence in pSS etiology [1][2][3]24].…”

Mediterranean diet: a potential player in the link between oral microbiome and oral diseases

“… Dietary sources Nutrients Associated microrganisms Ref. Micronutrients Meats, fish, and whole grains Vitamin B1 Neisseriaceae Gemellaceae Fusobacterium nucleatum [ 148–151 ] Meats, green vegetables, dairy products Vitamin B2 [ 149 , 150 ] Eggs, fish, meat, mushrooms, nuts Vitamin B3 [ 149 , 150 ] Beef, chicken, organ meats, broccoli, avocados Vitamin B5 [ 150 , 152 , 153 ] Meat, vegetables, nuts, banana Vitamin B6 [ 150 , 154 ] Leafy vegetables, peanuts, raw egg, liver, Vitamin B7 [ 150 , 155 ] Leafy vegetables, cereals, legumes, nuts and seeds Vitamin B9 [ 150 , 151 ] Fish, meat, poultry, eggs, and dairy products Vitamin B12 [ 150 , 156 ] Green vegetables (kale, spinach, cabbage, lettuces), egg yolk Vitamin K Not identified [ 157 ] Fish eggs, liver, mushrooms, milk Vitamin D Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gin...…”