Low-dose Insulin Treatment Ameliorate Glucose Metabolism in Type 1 Diabetic Rats

Ng, Athena Xin Hui; Ton, So Ha

doi:10.4172/2155-6156.1000635

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 43 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Blood glucose of T2D rats after oral glucose challenge indicated that both low dose carob-treated (CS500) and high dose carob-treated (CS1000) showed an antihyperglycemic effect after 90 and 120 min. However, only high dose carob-treated exerted a significant reduction in FBG at the end of the 3rd and 4th week of treatment, which was emphasized by the significant increase of total protein of high dose carob-treated due to alleviating the catabolic effect of the persistent hyperglycemia on proteins ( Ng, Ton & Kadir, 2016 ), and the significant reduction in body weigh as a sign of the resulted hypoglycemia ( Pandit, Phadke & Jagtap, 2010 ). The resulted hypoglycemic effect of high dose carob-treated might be due to the low GIT value of carob and its high content of fibers which provoked feeling of satiety ( Papakonstantinou et al, 2017 ) or the polyphenols content of carob could chelate sugars, lipids and fibers leading to reducing their intestinal absorption ( Lattimer & Haub, 2010 ; Williamson, 2013 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the glycemic effect ofCeratonia siliquapods (Carob) on a streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rat model

Qasem

Noordin

Arya

et al. 2018

PeerJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundCeratonia siliqua pods (carob) have been nominated to control the high blood glucose of diabetics. In Yemen, however, its antihyperglycemic activity has not been yet assessed. Thus, this study evaluated the in vitro inhibitory effect of the methanolic extract of carob pods against α-amylase and α-glucosidase and the in vivo glycemic effect of such extract in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats.Methods2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) were applied to evaluate the antioxidant activity of carob. In vitro cytotoxicity of carob was conducted on human hepatocytes (WRL68) and rat pancreatic β-cells (RIN-5F). Acute oral toxicity of carob was conducted on a total of 18 male and 18 female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, which were subdivided into three groups (n = 6), namely: high and low dose carob-treated (CS5000 and CS2000, respectively) as well as the normal control (NC) receiving a single oral dose of 5,000 mg kg−1 carob, 2,000 mg kg−1 carob and 5 mL kg−1 distilled water for 14 days, respectively. Alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, creatinine and urea were assessed. Livers and kidneys were harvested for histopathology. In vitro inhibitory effect against α-amylase and α-glucosidase was evaluated. In vivo glycemic activity was conducted on 24 male SD rats which were previously intraperitoneally injected with 55 mg kg−1 streptozotocin (STZ) followed by 210 mg kg−1nicotinamide to induce type 2 diabetes mellitus. An extra non-injected group (n = 6) was added as a normal control (NC). The injected-rats were divided into four groups (n = 6), namely: diabetic control (D0), 5 mg kg−1glibenclamide-treated diabetic (GD), 500 mg kg−1 carob-treated diabetic (CS500) and 1,000 mg kg−1 carob-treated diabetic (CS1000). All groups received a single oral daily dose of their treatment for 4 weeks. Body weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG), oral glucose tolerance test, biochemistry, insulin and hemostatic model assessment were assessed. Pancreases was harvested for histopathology.ResultsCarob demonstrated a FRAP value of 3191.67 ± 54.34 µmoL Fe++ and IC50 of DPPH of 11.23 ± 0.47 µg mL−1. In vitro, carob was non-toxic on hepatocytes and pancreatic β-cells. In acute oral toxicity, liver and kidney functions and their histological sections showed no abnormalities. Carob exerted an in vitro inhibitory effect against α-amylase and α-glucosidase with IC50 of 92.99 ± 0.22 and 97.13 ± 4.11 µg mL−1, respectively. In diabetic induced rats, FBG of CS1000 was significantly less than diabetic control. Histological pancreatic sections of CS1000 showed less destruction of β-cells than CS500 and diabetic control.ConclusionCarob pod did not cause acute systemic toxicity and showed in vitro antioxidant effects. On the other hand, inhibiting α-amylase and α-glucosidase was evident. Interestingly, a high dose of carob exhibits an in vivo antihyperglycemic activity and warrants further in-depth study to identify the potential carob ...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the glycemic effect ofCeratonia siliquapods (Carob) on a streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rat model

Qasem

Noordin

Arya

et al. 2018

PeerJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Obviously, high and low doses of khat were associated with a nonsignificant difference in BW gain, caloric intake, FBS, and total proteins. However, the low dose of khat was associated with a decline in BW from one week to another, which might be due to the catabolic effects of the consistent uncontrolled hyperglycemia of T1DM [ 32 ]. Accordingly, neither high nor low doses of khat could produce a significant reduction in the FBS levels of T1DM-induced rats [ 11 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, neither high nor low doses of khat could produce a significant reduction in the FBS levels of T1DM-induced rats [ 11 ]. Insulin-treated rats showed an increase in body weight, reduced hyperglycemia, and significantly higher total protein because insulin has anabolic [ 32 ] and euglycemic actions [ 10 ]. On the other hand, the very low level of serum insulin in the diabetic control rats and rats treated with the high and low doses of khat emphasized that the rats were insulin deficient due to the destruction of pancreatic β-cells by the administration of STZ [ 18 , 24 ], while insulin-treated rats showed a significantly higher insulin level, which was due to daily injection of those rats with exogenous insulin (NovoMix 30 FlexPen).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of <i>Catha edulis</i> (khat) on pancreatic functions in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in male Sprague-Dawley rats

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

People consume Catha edulis (khat) for its euphoric effect, and type 1 diabetics have claimed that khat could reduce elevated levels of blood sugar. However, khat has been suggested to provoke diabetes mellitus through destruction of pancreatic β-cells. This study investigated the effect of an ethanolic khat extract on pancreatic functions in type 1 diabetes (T1DM)-induced male Sprague-Dawley rats and to assess its in vitro cytotoxicity in rat pancreatic β-cells (RIN-14B). T1DM was induced in a total of 20 rats with a single intraperitoneal injection of 75 mg/kg of streptozotocin. The rats were distributed into four groups (n=5): the diabetic control, 8 IU insulin-treated, 200 mg/kg khat-treated, and 400 mg/kg khat-treated groups. Another 5 rats were included as a nondiabetic control. Body weight, fasting blood sugar, and caloric intake were recorded weekly. Four weeks after treatment, the rats were sacrificed, and blood was collected for insulin, lipid profile, total protein, amylase, and lipase analysis, while pancreases were harvested for histopathology. In vitro, khat exerted moderate cytotoxicity against RIN-14B cells after 24 and 48 h but demonstrated greater inhibition against RIN-14B cells after 72 h. Neither 200 mg/kg nor 400 mg/kg of khat produced any significant reduction in blood sugar; however, 200 mg/kg khat extract provoked more destruction of pancreatic β-cells as compared with the diabetic control. Ultimately, neither 200 mg/kg nor 400 mg/kg of khat extract could produce a hypoglycemic effect in T1DM-induced rats. However, 200 mg/kg of khat caused greater destruction of pancreatic β-cells, implying that khat may cause a direct cytotoxic effect on pancreatic β-cells in vitro.

show abstract

“…Camel milk and insulin improved the morphological features of the liver, kidney, and pancreas, which were well confirmed by previous studies. , Body weight was monitored in this study to infer the rat’s health state because it is one of the most widely studied indicators to study the development and growth of laboratory rats . During one week of the experimental study, the body weight of the diabetic rats decreased because of a persistent hyperglycemia condition that was observed in multiple prior studies. ,, Loss of insulin function, which controls the anabolic process, is the second most common reason for weight loss in diabetic control rats. , Through activating GLUT-2, insulin promotes the absorption of fatty acids and amino acids as well as glucose uptake by the liver and muscles. The glucose uptake mechanism is diminished due to the interruption of insulin secretion in tissues .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Comparative Attenuating Impact of Camel Milk and Insulin in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Albino Rats

Raj,

Shuklan,

Madan

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this study, albino Wistar rats that have developed diabetes as a result of the drug streptozotocin (STZ) were treated with camel milk and insulin. For this, 36 rats were divided into six different (n = 6) groups: control, control + camel milk, diabetic control, insulin, camel milk, and combined camel milk + insulin. A 50 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection of STZ was used to induce diabetes. Rats with blood glucose levels exceeding 250 mg/dL after the induction of diabetes were taken into consideration for the study. The diabetic rats were treated with camel milk (50 mL/rat/day), insulin (6 units kg −1 b•wt/ day), or their combination daily for 30 days. Throughout the course of the study, the rats' glucose levels and body weight were checked. In the diabetic control rats, a reduction in body weight and hyperglycemic condition was seen. Improvements in glycemic levels and weight gain were seen in the camel milk, insulin, and combined treatment groups compared to the diabetic control group; however, the combined treated group did not show the same degree of improvement as the alone treated group. Hematological changes in the diabetic control group included reductions in lymphocytes, platelets, total leukocyte count (TLC), and red blood cell (RBC) indices (mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), packed cell volume (PCV), and mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)). Each group that got insulin and camel milk separately and combined showed improvement in these changes. The liver, kidney, and pancreas in the diabetic control group had worsened morphological alterations. These histopathological alternations were significantly improved in the treatment groups. Hence, this study demonstrates the antidiabetic effects of camel milk in comparison to insulin. These findings highlight the potential of camel milk as an alternative therapy for diabetes, although further research is warranted to fully understand its mechanisms of action and long-term effects.

show abstract

Low-dose Insulin Treatment Ameliorate Glucose Metabolism in Type 1 Diabetic Rats

Cited by 8 publications

References 43 publications

Evaluation of the glycemic effect ofCeratonia siliquapods (Carob) on a streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rat model

Evaluation of the glycemic effect ofCeratonia siliquapods (Carob) on a streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rat model

Effect of <i>Catha edulis</i> (khat) on pancreatic functions in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in male Sprague-Dawley rats

Comparative Attenuating Impact of Camel Milk and Insulin in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Albino Rats

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About