Low-dose ketamine pretreatment reduces oxidative damage and inflammatory response following CO2 pneumoperitoneum in rats

Abstract

Low-dose ketamine pretreatment reduces oxidative damage and in ammatory response following CO2 pneumoperitoneum in rats AbstractPurpose: e duration of pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic procedures may contribute to post-surgical oxidative stress. Previous studies have shown that low-dose ketamine, an anesthetic with anti-in ammatory properties, protects various organs from ischemia-reperfusion injury. is study investigated the e ects of low-dose ketamine on the overproduction of oxidants and the tissue damage caused by intra-abdominal pressure during CO2 pneumoperitoneum.Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats received a CO2 pneumoperitoneum of 15 mmHg and preceded by either low-dose ketamine (KP1, 5 mg/kg; KP2, 10 mg/kg) or 0.9% saline (PR, 3 ml). General anethesia was provided by pentobarbital and sevo urane. e control group (CR) received an intraperitoneal saline injection and sham surgery. ree hours a er pneumoperitoneum, serum concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and intestinal fatty acid binding protein (iFABP) were measured and liver, kidney, lung, and intestine were evaluated for tissue damage.Results: e highest plasma MDA, TNF-α, IL-6 and iFABP values were observed at T1 (a er 3 hours of pneumoperitoneum) in the PR group, followed by the KP1, KP2, and CR groups (P < 0.01). SOD concentrations showed an opposite trend and were highest in the CR group, followed by the KP2, KP1, and PR groups (P < 0.01). TNF-α concentration was signi cantly lower in the KP2 than the KP1 group (P < 0.05). Histopathologic scoring of organ sections demonstrated the lowest scores in the KP2 group, followed by the KP1 and PR groups, in an increasing order (P < 0.05).Conclusion: Pretreatment with low-dose ketamine before general anaesthesia protects against potential oxidative damage and in ammatory response caused by CO2 pneumoperitoneum.

Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Therapy for Primary Abdominal Compartment Syndrome in Rats

“…With the applied procedure (i.e., 25, 30, 40, or 50 mmHg intra-abdominal hypertension), there was a regular downhill chain of events, regardless of the type of anesthesia (i.e., esketamine, as ketamine is an antioxidant ( Xingwei et al, 2014 ) that may provide a more prolonged survival period than thiopental). The abdominal wall compliance threshold was crossed mechanically, with no further stretch of the abdomen; this increased intra-abdominal pressure, compressed vessels and organs, and pushed up the diaphragm as a predetermined definitive outcome ( Depauw et al, 2019 ).…”

“…With the applied procedure (i.e., 25, 30, 40, or 50 mmHg intraabdominal hypertension), there was a regular downhill chain of events, regardless of the type of anesthesia (i.e., esketamine, as ketamine is an antioxidant (Xingwei et al, 2014) that may provide a more prolonged survival period than thiopental). The abdominal wall compliance threshold was crossed mechanically, with no further stretch of the abdomen; this FIGURE 7 | Gastrointestinal lesions microscopy scoring (0-15), stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ascending colon and intestinal villi high, µm, and stomach lesions (sum of longest lesions diameters, mm), relative liver weight (% of total body weight), relative spleen weight (% of total body weight) in the thiopental-anesthetized rats with the increased intra-abdominal pressures at 50 mmHg for 25 min, at 30 mmHg or 40 mmHg for 30 min, at 25 mmHg for 60 min increased intra-abdominal pressurestime, and in the esketamine-anesthetized rats with the increased intra-abdominal pressures at 25 mmHg for 120 min increased intra-abdominal pressures-time, following medication (BPC 157 10 μg/kg (light gray bars), 10 ng/kg (dark gray bars); saline 5 ml/kg (white bars)) given subcutaneously at 10 min increased intraabdominal pressures-time.…”

Effects of an intravenous ketamine infusion on inflammatory cytokine levels in male and female Sprague–Dawley rats

“…Furthermore, ketamine has immunomodulatory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production [ 7 , 21 , 22 ], macrophage and microglial function [ 17 , 23 , 24 ], neutrophil activation and migration [ 6 , 25 – 28 ], and other immune cells, mediators, and pathways [ 29 – 33 ]. These studies demonstrated that ketamine has a wide range of effects on the immune system, thus highlighting the importance of determining the drug’s overall impact on inflammation for clinical use.…”

Hydrogen protects against liver injury during CO2 pneumoperitoneum in rats

“…Thus, CO 2 pneumoperitoneum can cause negative effects on body health. Splanchnic organs such as liver, kidneys, spleen, intestine, ovaries and testicles are susceptible to pneumoperitoneum adverse effects [ 6 , 26 – 30 ]. The liver receives blood supply from the hepatic artery and portal vein and it is one of the most susceptible organs affected by ischemia.…”