Low-Dose Radiation-Induced Attenuation at InfraRed Wavelengths for P-Doped, Ge-Doped and Pure Silica-Core Optical Fibres

Régnier, E.; Flammer, I.; Girard, Sylvain; Gooijer, F.; Achten, Frank; Kuyt, G.

doi:10.1109/tns.2007.894180

Cited by 101 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Several causative UV absorption centers may exist, forming the so-called UVabsorption tail. This tail strongly decreases with increasing wavelength, and the RIA at 1 310 nm caused by the UV-absorption tail in the P-doped fibers is less than one order of magnitude than the P1 centers [8] . Several annealing defects in step 2 may be related to the UV-absorption tail.…”

Section: Fig 5 Ria Temperature-dependence After Accelerated Annealimentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Radiation-induced attenuation (RIA) is primarily caused by the trapping of radiolytic electrons and holes at defect sites in the fiber, i.e., formation of color centers [5,6] . In addition, a number of studies have indicated that the RIA of an optical fiber is sensitive to temperature [7,8] . Various studies have demonstrated that RIA decreases with increasing temperature, with the exception of fibers containing phosphorus (P) [9] .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Temperature dependence of radiation-induced attenuation of optical f ibers

Song¹,

Guo²,

Wang³

et al. 2012

中国光学快报

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We investigate the temperature dependence of radiation-induced attenuation (RIA) at 1 310 nm for a Ge/P co-doped fiber after a steady-state γ-ray irradiation. A γ irradiation facility 60 Co source is used to irradiate the fiber at a dose rate of 0.5 Gy/min, satisfying a total dose of 100 Gy. The test temperature ranges from -40 to 60• C by 20• C, and the RIA of the fiber is obtained using a power measuring device. The experimental result demonstrates that RIA exhibits a steady, monotonic, and remarkable temperature dependence after approximately 48 h of accelerated annealing at 70• C. The optical fiber irradiated with a high dose and annealed sufficiently can be used as a temperature sensor.OCIS The recent advancements in photonic technologies have provided new applications for optical fibers involving radiation environment, such as fibre optic gyroscope (FOG) [1,2] and fiber optics amplifiers [3,4] in space. The presence of highly energetic radiation in this environment, however, may induce additional optical attenuation greatly. Radiation-induced attenuation (RIA) is primarily caused by the trapping of radiolytic electrons and holes at defect sites in the fiber, i.e., formation of color centers [5,6] . In addition, a number of studies have indicated that the RIA of an optical fiber is sensitive to temperature [7,8] . Various studies have demonstrated that RIA decreases with increasing temperature, with the exception of fibers containing phosphorus (P) [9] . This phenomenon is mainly because of thermal annealing of color centers, which eliminates more of the damage at an elevated temperature [10] . For a P-doped fiber, researchers have considered this exception by transforming the phosphorus oxygen hole center (POHC) into the P1 center [11,12] . In this letter, the temperature behavior of the RIA of a Ge/P co-doped fiber after steady-state γ-ray irradiation and a series of annealing treatments was tested to demonstrate the temperature dependence of color center absorption. Our tests only considered the temperature, avoiding the influence of other factors, such as radiation dose and dose rate.Only one type of fiber was studied in our experiments, Ge/P co-doped both in core and cladding. The cladding and coating diameters of this fiber were 80 and 165 µm. This 300-m-long fiber was produced with a loss constant of 0.8 dB/km at 1 310 nm.Our experiments involved three steps. First, the temperature behavior of the fiber loss was tested in two temperature cycles before irradiation to compare the RIA temperature effect. Second, the tested fiber was subjected to radiation to satisfy a total dose of 100 Gy, and then set aside for approximately 4 d at room temperature for primary annealing. Two temperature cycling tests were conducted for the RIA temperature characteristic testing, in which the test condition was the same as the initial conditions. Finally, the fiber underwent an accelerated annealing process at 70• C, which was 10• C higher than the maximal test temperature, until the attenuation variation was less than ...

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Section: Fig 5 Ria Temperature-dependence After Accelerated Annealimentioning

confidence: 93%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature dependence of radiation-induced attenuation of optical f ibers

Song¹,

Guo²,

Wang³

et al. 2012

中国光学快报

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“…The coils of Er-doped fibers are linked to the instruments thanks to a set of 30 m-long HI1060 Flexcore optical fibers. The degradation of these passive optical fiber extensions can be ignored, as the RIA of passive fibers never exceeds some tens of dB/km [16] in the near to mid infrared range. This point was confirmed by post-irradiation transmittance measurements of the HI1060 Flexcore extensions.…”

Section: A Irradiation Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation-hardened nano-particles-based Erbium-doped fiber for space environment

Thomas

Myara

Signoret

et al. 2017

International Conference on Space Optics — ICSO 2012

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Abstract-We demonstrate for the first time a radiationresistant Erbium-Doped Fiber exhibiting performances that can fill the requirements of Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers for space applications. This is based on an Aluminum co-doping atom reduction enabled by Nanoparticules Doping-Process. For this purpose, we developed several fibers containing very different erbium and aluminum concentrations, and tested them in the same optical amplifier configuration. This work allows to bring to the fore a highly radiation resistant Erbium-doped pure silica optical fiber exhibiting a low quenching level. This result is an important step as the EDFA is increasingly recognized as an enabling technology for the extensive use of photonic sub-systems in future satellites.

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“…The OTDR measurements have been carried out at two different wavelengths, λ1=850 nm and λ2=1300 nm. The choice of the wavelengths is dictated by the fact that the two wavelengths need to be sufficiently spectrally separated to have different sensitivities with respect to dose, which is the case for λ1 and λ2 for propagation in Pdoped fibers [15]. By taking the ratio between the measurements it should be possible to get rid of systematics and make the sensing system more robust.…”

Section: B Otdr Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

First steps towards a distributed optical fiber radiation sensing system

Toccafondo

Brügger

Pasquale

et al. 2017

International Conference on Space Optics — ICSO 2014

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Ionizing radiations affect installed electronics, limit equipment lifetimes and eventually alter materials both in space applications as well as high energy accelerators and physics experiments. In order to monitor radiation levels and predict equipment and material lifetimes, an accurate radiation dosimetry is highly important and very challenging often due to two main reasons: (i) large areas and (ii) extended dose range of interest. In this respect a radiation sensor based on a distributed optical fiber sensing system could be a promising solution. Such sensor systems are immune to electromagnetic field interference, have a light weight and small size making them suitable for a large number of applications including possible future space missions. In addition, optical fiber sensors have reached a very high accuracy in measuring physical quantities as a function of distance very accurately with metre or sub-metre-scale spatial resolutions. Their distributed nature in fact, is particularly suitable for real-time monitoring of long distances as particles accelerator tunnels like the one of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) or large space stations as the International Space Station (ISS) which, to the best of our knowledge, only holds punctual radiation sensors as passive radiation dosimeters (PRD) among many others. The first step of the feasibility study of a distributed optical fiber radiation sensing system consists in characterizing and selecting the most suitable optical fiber which represents the sensing mean of the system. The effect of ionizing radiation on optical fibers has been well documented in literature and already several decades ago it was known that an irradiated fiber will suffer from radiation induced attenuation (RIA). Depending on the fiber’s type and composition the RIA shows varying response to total dose, dose rate, temperature, wavelength and light power. In the case of P-doped fibers, the radiation response is independent from the dose rate the fiber is exposed to, which makes it suitable for sensing a wide range of different radiation environments. Moreover, P-doped fibers have a low annealing behavior and their RIA doesn’t show any strong temperature dependence for room temperature environments. All the above mentioned parameters affecting the RIA are important in order to fully characterize fiber candidates to be used for dosimetry and will be detailed in the next section. Based on the above considerations, in this paper we investigate the response to ionizing radiation of three different P-doped optical fibers which could be suitable candidates for the radiation sensing system. Two of the fibers were single mode (SM) and the RIA has been studied at 1312 nm and 1570 nm as a function of the total dose up to about 18 kGy and with a dose rate of 46.7 mGy/s in one case and almost 60 kGy at 153 mGy/s in the other. The third fiber which was a multimode (MM) one has been tested at 830 nm and 1312 nm and has been irradiated with dose rates ranging from 0.5 mGy/s up to almost 1.7 Gy/s reaching ...

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Low-Dose Radiation-Induced Attenuation at InfraRed Wavelengths for P-Doped, Ge-Doped and Pure Silica-Core Optical Fibres

Cited by 101 publications

References 16 publications

Temperature dependence of radiation-induced attenuation of optical f ibers

Temperature dependence of radiation-induced attenuation of optical f ibers

Radiation-hardened nano-particles-based Erbium-doped fiber for space environment

First steps towards a distributed optical fiber radiation sensing system

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