Low-Dose Risk Assessment for Arsenic

Begum, Munni; Horowitz, John B.; Hossain, Md. Irfan

doi:10.1177/1010539512466568

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…We found a consistent association between arsenic and lung cancer. Recently, a cohort analysis in another non-endemic country observed effects similar to ours [ 42 ], while a previous low-dose meta-analysis found borderline significant effects for this cancer type [ 4 , 6 ]. This finding, considering its biological plausibility, is coherent with IARC evaluation regarding the carcinogenic role of arsenic on lung cancer [ 1 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Arsenic in Drinking Water and Mortality for Cancer and Chronic Diseases in Central Italy, 1990-2010

D’Ippoliti¹,

Santelli²,

Sario³

et al. 2015

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundIn several volcanic areas of Italy, arsenic levels exceed European regulatory limits (10 μg/L in drinking water). There is still uncertainty about health risks from arsenic at low-medium doses (<100 μg/L).ObjectivesA large population-based study using an administrative cohort of residents in the Viterbo province (Central Italy), chronically exposed to low-medium arsenic levels via drinking water, was investigated to evaluate the effects of a lifetime exposure to arsenic on mortality from cancers and chronic diseases.MethodsThe study population consisted of 165,609 residents of 17 municipalities, followed from 1990 until 2010. Average individual arsenic exposure at the first residence (AsI) was estimated through a space-time modeling approach using residential history and arsenic concentrations from water supply. A time-dependent Cumulative Arsenic dose Indicator (CAI) was calculated, accounting for daily water intake and exposure duration. Mortality Hazard Ratios (HR) were estimated by gender for different diseases using Cox proportional models, adjusting for individual and area-level confounders. A flexible non-parametric approach was used to investigate dose-response relationships.ResultsMean AsI exposure was 19.3 μg/L, and average exposure duration was 39.5 years. Associations of AsI and CAI indicators with several diseases were found, with greatest risks found for lung cancer in both sexes (HR = 2.61 males; HR = 2.09 females), myocardial infarction, peripheral arterial disease and COPD in males (HR = 2.94; HR = 2.44; HR = 2.54 respectively) and diabetes in females (HR = 2.56). For lung cancer and cardiovascular diseases dose-response relationship is modelled by piecewise linear functions revealing effects even for doses lower than 10 μg/L, and no threshold dose value was identified as safe for health.ConclusionsResults provide new evidence for risk assessment of low-medium concentrations of arsenic and contribute to the ongoing debate about the threshold-dose of effect, suggesting that even concentrations below 10 μg/L carry a mortality risk. Policy actions are urgently needed in areas exposed to arsenic like in the Viterbo province, to comply with current EU regulations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Arsenic in Drinking Water and Mortality for Cancer and Chronic Diseases in Central Italy, 1990-2010

D’Ippoliti¹,

Santelli²,

Sario³

et al. 2015

PLoS ONE

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“…Table 3 displays the total number of samples for each element that had a reported value that exceeded, approached, was below the guidelines, or below detection (BD) by the method used (see Supplementary Materials). A sample was “approaching” a limit if its concentration was within 75% of the reported regulatory limit or national average, which has been suggested as a precautionary guideline to monitor water resources [59,60,61,62,63,64].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite this, these guidelines, as with primary standards, are a metric for which to compare the drinking water concentrations. Furthermore, arguments question if the current guidelines used to create enforceable regulatory limits on drinking water are insufficient, especially given research that opposes the previous dogma and supports observable health consequences to exposed populations [59,86].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of Elemental Contaminants in Unregulated Water across Western Navajo Nation

Credo

Torkelson

Rock

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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The geologic profile of the western United States lends itself to naturally elevated levels of arsenic and uranium in groundwater and can be exacerbated by mining enterprises. The Navajo Nation, located in the American Southwest, is the largest contiguous Native American Nation and has over a 100-year legacy of hard rock mining. This study has two objectives, quantify the arsenic and uranium concentrations in water systems in the Arizona and Utah side of the Navajo Nation compared to the New Mexico side and to determine if there are other elements of concern. Between 2014 and 2017, 294 water samples were collected across the Arizona and Utah side of the Navajo Nation and analyzed for 21 elements. Of these, 14 elements had at least one instance of a concentration greater than a national regulatory limit, and six of these (V, Ca, As, Mn, Li, and U) had the highest incidence of exceedances and were of concern to various communities on the Navajo Nation. Our findings are similar to other studies conducted in Arizona and on the Navajo Nation and demonstrate that other elements may be a concern for public health beyond arsenic and uranium.

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“…Numerous epidemiological studies indicate an association between arsenic exposure and an increased risk for lung cancer mortality (1, 17–20), and lung cancer may be the leading cause of arsenic-associated cancer deaths. Meta-analysis of available epidemiological studies performed in Bangladesh, Chile, Argentina, Taiwan and the United States (21), estimated about 4.51 additional lung cancer cases per 100,000 people for a maximum contamination level of 10ug/ l of arsenic in drinking water. An association between arsenic exposure and bladder cancer has been substantiated by multiple ecological, as well as case-control and cohort studies (reviewed in (1, 17,18, 22).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Global Burden of Disease for Skin, Lung, and Bladder Cancer Caused By Arsenic in Food

Oberoi¹,

Barchowsky

2014

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Background Arsenic is a ubiquitous, naturally occurring metalloid that poses a significant human cancer risk. While water consumption provides the majority of human exposure, millions of individuals worldwide are significantly exposed to arsenic through naturally occurring levels of arsenic in grains, vegetables, meats and fish, as well as through food processed with water containing arsenic. Thus, we estimated the global burdens of disease for bladder, lung and skin cancers attributable to inorganic arsenic in food. Methods To determine foodborne inorganic arsenic exposures worldwide, we used World Health Organization estimates of food consumption in thirteen country clusters, in conjunction with reported measurements of total and inorganic arsenic in different foods. We estimated slope factors for arsenic related bladder and lung cancers, and used the US Environmental Protection Agency skin cancer slope factor, to calculate the annual risk of the cancer incidence in males and females within each country cluster. Results We estimated that each year 9,129 to 119,176 additional cases of bladder cancer, 11,844 to 121,442 of lung cancer, and 10,729 to 110,015 of skin cancer worldwide are attributable to inorganic arsenic in food. Conclusions These estimates indicate that foodborne arsenic exposure causes a significant global burden of human disease. Impact Estimating the global cancer burden caused by arsenic exposure in food will support policies that reduce exposure to disease promoting environmental hazards.

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Low-Dose Risk Assessment for Arsenic

Cited by 21 publications

References 19 publications

Arsenic in Drinking Water and Mortality for Cancer and Chronic Diseases in Central Italy, 1990-2010

Arsenic in Drinking Water and Mortality for Cancer and Chronic Diseases in Central Italy, 1990-2010

Quantification of Elemental Contaminants in Unregulated Water across Western Navajo Nation

The Global Burden of Disease for Skin, Lung, and Bladder Cancer Caused By Arsenic in Food

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