Low Doses of &lt;i&gt;L&lt;/i&gt;-Monosodium Glutamate Promote Neuronal Growth and Differentiation in vitro

Aruffo, C; Ferszt, Ron; Hildebrandt, Alfred G.; Cervós-Navarro, J.

doi:10.1159/000111625

Cited by 52 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…ation and synaptogenesis in the developing nervous system. For example, in vitro studies show a trophic effect of low concentrations of GLU on neurite outgrowth and synapse formation (37,38). In vivo NMDA treatment also increases synapse formation in occipital cortex of postnatal rats (39) (for reviews see 40,41).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Period for Glutamate Receptor‐Mediated Induction of Precocious Puberty in Female Rats

Smyth

Wilkinson

1994

J Neuroendocrinology

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The excitatory amino acid glutamate and especially its NMDA subtype receptor are important components of the neural system that regulates sexual maturation. It is known that multiple daily injections of immature rats and monkeys with NMDA will induce precocious puberty. We have previously reported that a single daily injection of NMDA administered from 27 days of age to the day of vaginal opening (VO) is sufficient to synchronize and slightly accelerate (1-2 days) first ovulation in female rats. We have now optimized this treatment schedule and show that a higher dose of NMDA (20 mg/kg), or the racemic mixture N-methyl-D,L-aspartate (NMA; 30 mg/kg), initiated earlier in development (24 days to VO) significantly advances first ovulation (4 days). Rats induced to ovulate prematurely had normal estrous cycles. We also report that the same degree of precocity can be obtained when injections are discontinued well before first ovulation occurs. For example, NMA administered from day 21 to 25 or from day 24 to 28 accelerates sexual maturation to the same degree as if injections were continued until VO was observed. It is clear that the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (H-P-O) axis is stimulated by daily NMDA treatment as shown by the dose-related luteinizing hormone (LH) release and by an estrogen-dependent rise in uterine weight. However, stimulation of the P-O axis with daily injections of GnRH (5 ng/100 g), which elicits an LH response slightly greater than NMDA (20 mg/kg), does not advance puberty. This suggests that NMDA induces some change in hypothalamic control which is not directly related to LH secretion. Interestingly, there also seems to be a critical period of NMDA effectiveness because daily injections of NMA (30 mg/kg) from day 16 to 20 do not induce precocious puberty. Since the ovaries respond with increased estrogen production (increased uterine weight) to gonadotrophin stimulation at this early age (16 days) we conclude that the hypothalamus may be relatively unresponsive to stimulation with NMDA. Paradoxically the hypothalamus is also hyporesponsive to NMDA in the period preceding spontaneous first ovulation. We now show that an LH dose-response curve for NMDA at age 28 days demonstrates that in NMDA-treated rats the LH response to NMDA is less than in the control group. Further, the hyporesponsiveness is not due to pituitary desensitization since an LH dose-response curve for GnRH at age 28 days is identical in the NMDA-treated and control groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Period for Glutamate Receptor‐Mediated Induction of Precocious Puberty in Female Rats

Smyth

Wilkinson

1994

J Neuroendocrinology

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“…Aruffo et al have found that glutamate application on postnatal rat whole-brain dissociated cell cultures promotes neuronal growth and differentiation as compared to control cultures (Aruffo et al 1987). Many studies have reported that the glutamate NMDAR activation promotes neurite outgrowth from cerebellar granule cells (Pearce et al 1987) and dendritic outgrowth and branching of hippocampal cells (Brewer and Cotman 1989;Mattson et al 1988b;Wilson et al 2000).…”

Section: Neuroblastsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurotransmitters as early signals for central nervous system development

et al. 2001

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During brain ontogenesis, the temporal and spatial generation of the different types of neuronal and glial cells from precursors occurs as a sequence of successive progenitor stages whose proliferation, survival and cell-fate choice are controlled by environmental and cellular regulatory molecules. Neurotransmitters belong to the chemical microenvironment of neural cells, even at the earliest stages of brain development. It is now established that specific neurotransmitter receptors are present on progenitor cells of the developing central nervous system and could play, during neural development, a role that has remained unsuspected until recently. The present review focuses on the occurrence of neurotransmitters and their corresponding ligand-gated ion channel receptors in immature cells, including neural stem cells of specific embryonic and neonatal brain regions. We summarize in vitro and in vivo data arguing that neurotransmitters could regulate morphogenetic events such as proliferation, growth, migration, differentiation and survival of neural precursor cells. The understanding of neurotransmitter function during early neural maturation could lead to the development of pharmacological tools aimed at improving adult brain repair strategies.

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“…Glutamate is known to promote neuronal growth, to produce associated maturational cytological changes (Aruffo et al, 1987), and effect dendritic growth cone navigation (Mattson et al, 1988). During development, glutamate and its receptors have many important roles (Gu et al, 1996;Metzger et al, 1998;Atwood and Wojtowicz, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of the eight AMPA receptor subunit genes in the developing central nervous system and sensory organs of zebrafish

Hoppmann

Søviknes

et al. 2008

Developmental Dynamics

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The AMPA type glutamate receptors mediate the majority of fast synaptic transmission in the vertebrate nervous system. Whereas mammals have four subunit genes, Gria1-4, zebrafish has retained a duplicated set of eight genes named gria1-4a and b. We give here a detailed overview of the expression patterns of all eight zebrafish subunits within the developing central nervous system and sensory organs at 24, 48, and 72 hr after fertilization. Expression domains include distinct neuronal subsets in the developing forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain, and spinal cord, as well as in the ganglion-and inner nuclear layers of the retina. As a general rule, each pair of duplicated gria genes is differentially expressed, indicating subfunctionalization of AMPA receptor subunit expression in the teleost lineage. Our findings suggest that zebrafish can serve as a useful model system to investigate the role of AMPA receptors and their differential expression in the vertebrate nervous system. Developmental Dynamics 237:788 -799, 2008.

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Low Doses of <i>L</i>-Monosodium Glutamate Promote Neuronal Growth and Differentiation in vitro

Cited by 52 publications

References 24 publications

A Critical Period for Glutamate Receptor‐Mediated Induction of Precocious Puberty in Female Rats

A Critical Period for Glutamate Receptor‐Mediated Induction of Precocious Puberty in Female Rats

Neurotransmitters as early signals for central nervous system development

Expression of the eight AMPA receptor subunit genes in the developing central nervous system and sensory organs of zebrafish

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