Low environmental humidity induces synthesis and release of cortisol in an epidermal organotypic culture system

Takei, Kentaro; Denda, Sumiko; Kumamoto, Junichi; Denda, Mitsuhiro

doi:10.1111/exd.12224

Cited by 24 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The current study by Takei et al. not only confirmed previous observations that skin could generate cortisol locally but also added dryness (Fig. ) to the list of environmental stressors such as solar radiation , trauma and skin cancer .…”

Section: Skin Stress Response System and Cortisolsupporting

confidence: 89%

On the role of environmental humidity on cortisol production by epidermal keratinocytes

Zhu

Slominski

2013

Experimental Dermatology

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Evidence is accumulating that skin can act as an independent steroidogenic organ. It can respond to various stresses including UV light, trauma and oncogenesis by upregulating glucocorticoid production via elements of the local hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Recent data by Takei and collaborators provided in this issue of Experimental Dermatology included dryness to the list of stressors stimulating cutaneous cortisol synthesis with a possible involvement of IL-1β as a mediator of this regulation. Thus, the last decade of research has not only documented that skin can produce cortisol, but that levels of its production change in response to environmental stress. The role of this regulated steroidogenic system in physiological or pathological outcomes requires further studies with focus on cutaneous homeostasis, formation of epidermal barrier, antimicrobial activity and display of immune (both pro- and anti-inflammatory) properties.

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Section: Skin Stress Response System and Cortisolsupporting

confidence: 89%

On the role of environmental humidity on cortisol production by epidermal keratinocytes

Zhu

Slominski

2013

Experimental Dermatology

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“…The Ca 2 + and pH gradients are involved in maintaining epidermal permeability homeostasis. [48][49][50] There is a link between ambient humidity and enhanced barrier function that has been described in both animals and humans, 25,51 and recapitulated in vitro with neonatal human keratinocytes, 41,52,53 although the exact molecular mechanisms remain unknown.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lowered Humidity Produces Human Epidermal Equivalents with Enhanced Barrier Properties

Sun

Celli

Crumrine

et al. 2015

Tissue Engineering Part C: Methods

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Multilayered human keratinocyte cultures increasingly are used to model human epidermis. Until now, studies utilizing human epidermal equivalents (HEEs) have been limited because previous preparations do not establish a normal epidermal permeability barrier. In this report, we show that reducing environmental humidity to 50% relative humidity yields HEEs that closely match human postnatal epidermis and have enhanced repair of the permeability barrier. These cultures display low transepidermal water loss and possess a calcium and pH gradient that resembles those seen in human epidermis. These cultures upregulate glucosylceramide synthase and make normal-appearing lipid lamellar bilayers. The epidermal permeability barrier of these cultures can be perturbed, using the identical tools previously described for human skin, and recover in the same time course seen during in vivo barrier recovery. These cultures will be useful for basic and applied studies on epidermal barrier function.

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“…Ultraviolet B (UVB) therapy increases the cortisol concentration in the epidermis[14] and so does the low humidity in the environment also. [15] In the clinical practice of RSS, UVB, and withdrawal from whole emollients are both useful treatments empirically. There is a possibility that topical tar ointment works by facilitating cortisol synthesis because some components of tar are catalyzed by CPY11A1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortisol homeostasis in the epidermis is influenced by topical corticosteroids in patients with atopic dermatitis

Fukaya

2017

Indian J Dermatol

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Background:The skin produces cortisol by itself and regulates its own proliferation and differentiation. There is a possibility that topical corticosteroids (TCSs) influence the cortisol homeostasis in the skin.Aims and Objectives:The author described the density and distribution of cortisol and its parties in the epidermis after application of topical steroids immunohistologically.Materials and Methods:The forearm skin was biopsied before and after 2 weeks’ application of clobetasol propionate 0.05% two times a day in one healthy volunteer. The biopsied skin was stained immunohistologically by ant-MLN64, StAR, CPY11A1, cortisol, HSD11B1, HSD11B2, glucocorticoid receptor alpha, glucocorticoid receptor beta (GRB), and mineralocorticoid receptor (MCR) antibodies. The skin biopsy was performed similarly in 19 adult patients with atopic dermatitis who had used TCS for a considerable period. They were 4 TCS present users (TCS+), 12 TCS nonusers with skin manifestation on the biopsied site (TCS-E+) and 3 TCS nonusers without skin manifestation on the biopsied site (TCS-E−).Results:The staining density increased during TCS application in MLN64, cortisol and HSD11B2 in a healthy volunteer. The staining density was stronger in HSD11B2 of the basal layer and MCR of the spinous layer in the TCS-E+ patients than in the TCS+ and TCS-E− patients. The staining density was weaker in MLN64 of the basal and granular layers, HSD11B1 of the basal layer and GRB of the whole layer in the TCS-E+ patients than in the TCS+ and TCS-E− patients.Conclusion:The hypertrophy of the epidermis and insufficient keratinization recognized in the TCS-E+ patients might be caused by the decreased cortisol synthesis regulated by MLN64 and the increased cortisol inactivation by HSD11B2. Decreased GRB and increased MCR might enhance the reactivity of cortisol in the keratinocytes.

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Low environmental humidity induces synthesis and release of cortisol in an epidermal organotypic culture system

Cited by 24 publications

References 15 publications

On the role of environmental humidity on cortisol production by epidermal keratinocytes

On the role of environmental humidity on cortisol production by epidermal keratinocytes

Lowered Humidity Produces Human Epidermal Equivalents with Enhanced Barrier Properties

Cortisol homeostasis in the epidermis is influenced by topical corticosteroids in patients with atopic dermatitis

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