Low Expression of PLAT in Breast Cancer Infers Poor Prognosis and High Immune Infiltrating Level

Abstract

Breast cancer accounts for the highest incidence of tumors in women. Immune infiltrating of the tumor microenvironment positively correlates with the overall survival of breast cancer patients. PLAT can affect the development of many cancers, but its mechanism in breast cancer is unclear. We assessed the correlation between PLAT and immune infiltrating in breast cancer based on the TCGA database. Patients and Methods: The expression and DNA methylation of PLAT in breast cancer with different clinical characteristics was tested by Wilcoxon signed rank test and displayed by box plot. Sequentially, Kaplan-Meier plot was employed to compare the difference in overall survival rates between patients with different expressed levels. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to validate whether PLAT is an independent prognostic factor of breast cancer. After that, GO, KEGG, and gene-set enrichment analysis were employed to do functional enrichment analysis. Finally, TIMER, TISIDB database, and ssGSEA algorithm were used to assess the correlation between PLAT expression and various immune characteristics. The correlation between PLAT expression and DNA methylation was examined by Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: PLAT displays differential expression levels in breast cancer patients with various clinical characteristics. As an independent protective factor for breast cancer, PLAT may significantly correlate with the immune status of breast cancer by adjusting many immune molecules and affecting the immune infiltration in the tumor microenvironment. DNA methylation of PLAT downregulates the gene expression and affects the prognosis of breast cancer. Conclusion:PLAT can be considered a potential biomarker to predict breast cancer prognosis and might contribute to the development of immunological treatment strategies.

Integration of scRNA and bulk RNA-sequence to construct the 5-gene molecular prognostic model based on the heterogeneity of thyroid carcinoma endothelial cell

“…Considering that PLAT was reported to promote tumor angiogenesis in lung cancer [27] but low expression of PLAT indicates poor prognosis in breast cancer [28] , wound healing assay and HUVEC tube formation assay were carried out to validate the relationship between angiogenesis and PLAT in thyroid cancer. Overexpression of PLAT in IHH4 cells caused HUVECs to produce fewer and smaller tubes compared to untreated cells ( Figure 7 A).…”

Exploring the shared gene signatures of smoking-related osteoporosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using machine learning algorithms

“…A growing body of evidence suggests that cigarette smokinginduced airway inflammation is linked to dysregulated immune cell infiltration in patients diagnosed with COPD (Cruz et al, 2019;Bu et al, 2020). It is worth noting that smoking has the potential to elicit detrimental alterations in the immune system, leading to diseases that stem from aberrant regulation of immune cells (Wang et al, 2021;Luan and Si, 2022). Therefore, the identification of effective and novel diagnostic biomarkers of smoking-related OP and COPD within immune cell components represents a promising domain of investigation, with potential implications for early intervention and improved clinical outcomes.…”

“…Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences frontiersin.org immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (Wang et al, 2021;Hu et al, 2022). Using gene network analysis, a prior study identified PLAT as a SARS-CoV-2 target and elucidated its potential involvement in COVID-19's inflammatory response, metabolism of reactive oxygen species, and immune response.…”

Site-specific glycoproteomic analysis identifies decreasing TMX3 associated with breast cancer tumorigenesis via Notch signaling pathway

“…Ünver et al discovered that high CD40 expression is related to improvements in survival and may be used as an immunotherapeutic target in BC [46]. In a study of BC, Wang et al reported that PLAT was signi cantly associated with the immune in ltration of BC in the tumor microenvironment [47]. These ndings suggest that ITGA2, ITGA3, ITGAV, ITGB1, NT5E, PLAUR, BTD, MBTPS1, CD40, and PLAT act as the prognostic biomarker and the potential therapeutic targets in the progress of BC.…”