Low-Fat Dietary Pattern and Risk of Invasive Breast Cancer: The Women???s Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Dietary Modification Trial

Prentice, Ross L.; Caan, Bette J.; Chlebowski, Rowan T.; Patterson, Ruth E.; Kuller, Lewis H.; Ockene, Judith K.; Margolis, Karen L.; Limacher, Marian C.; Manson, Jo Ann E.; Parker, Lawrence N.; Paskett, Electra D.; Phillips, Lawrence S.; Robbins, John; Rossouw, Jacques E.; Sarto, Gloria E.; Shikany, James M.; Stefanick, Marcia L.; Thomson, Cynthia A.; Horn, Linda Van; Vitolins, Mara Z.; Wactawski‐Wende, Jean; Wallace, Robert; Wassertheil‐Smoller, Sylvia; Whitlock, Evelyn P; Yano, Katsuhiko; Adams‐Campbell, Lucile L.; Anderson, Garnet L.; Assaf, Annlouise R.; Beresford, Shirley A.A.; Black, Henry R.; Brunner, Robert L.; Brzyski, Robert G.; Ford, Leslie G.; Gass, Margery; Hays, J. Ray; Heber, David; Heiss, Gerardo; Hendrix, Susan L.; Hsia, Judith; Hubbell, F. Allan; Jackson, Rebecca D.; Johnson, Karen C.; Kotchen, Jane Morley; LaCroix, Andrea Z.; Lane, Dorothy S.; Langer, Róbert; Lasser, Norman L.; Henderson, Maureen

doi:10.1097/01.ogx.0000224658.90363.e7

Cited by 48 publications

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“…Dietary cholesterol is a risk factor for the increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Regarding some types of malignant neoplasias, it should be pointed out that the risk of developing them is probably reduced by a high intake of fruits and vegetables, although recent studies on postmenopausal women have raised doubts about this effect regarding cancer of the colon and of the breast (39,40).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food consumption by young adults living in Ribeirão Preto, SP, 2002/2004

Molina

Bettiol

Barbieri

et al. 2007

Braz J Med Biol Res

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There is evidence showing a close relationship between diet and the occurrence of non-communicable chronic diseases. The present study assessed food consumption in a 2002/2004 cohort of young adults born in 1978/79 in Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. The composition of the habitual diet consumed by a sample of 2063 individuals aged 23-25 years was analyzed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire based on studies of prevention of non-communicable chronic diseases. The Dietsys software was used for dietary calculations. In terms of WHO/2003 recommendations, there was a high mean daily consumption of energy from fat (consumption: 35.4%; recommendation: 15-30%), a low mean intake of energy from carbohydrates (47.5%; 55-75%) and a low mean consumption of total fibers (15.2 g; >25 g). Mean intake of energy from fatty acids (10%; <10%) and protein (15.6%; 10-15%) was within recommended limits. When compared to the recommendations of the food pyramid adapted to the Brazilian population, adequate intake was observed only regarding the meat group (consumption: 1.9 portions; recommended: 1-2). There was a low consumption of vegetables (2.9; 4-5), fruits (1.2; 3-5), breads (3.6; 6-9), and dairy products (1.7; 3), with excessive fat and sugar intake (5.7; 1-2). We conclude that the inadequate food consumption observed in this young population may be associated with the development of excess weight and may contribute to the triggering of non-communicable chronic diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food consumption by young adults living in Ribeirão Preto, SP, 2002/2004

Molina

Bettiol

Barbieri

et al. 2007

Braz J Med Biol Res

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“…27 A study of vegetarians versus omnivores did not observe any association between meat intake and estrogen and SHBG levels independent of BMI. 28 A few studies have evaluated the association between soy foods or dietary fat and serum sex hormones level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary patterns, the Alternate Healthy Eating Index and plasma sex hormone concentrations in postmenopausal women

Fung

Barbieri

et al. 2007

Intl Journal of Cancer

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To evaluate the association between overall diet and sex hormones concentrations, we collected blood from 578 postmenopausal women ages 43 and 69 years in 1989 or 1990. Food intake was measured in 1990 via a food frequency questionnaire. We calculated the Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI), and dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis. The cross-sectional association between diet and estrogens, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were evaluated with linear regression and adjusted for energy and other potential confounders. We found a higher AHEI score was associated with lower concentrations of estradiol, free estradiol, and higher concentrations of SHBG. The prudent pattern, with higher intakes of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, was not associated with any sex hormones. The Western pattern, which represents higher intakes of red and processed meats, refined grains, sweets and desserts, was associated with a higher level of estradiol and lower concentrations of SHBG. Further adjustment for BMI attenuated these results except for free estradiol (5th vs. 1st quintile 5 0.09 vs. 0.11 pg/mL, p for trend 5 0.03). In addition, the AHEI was inversely associated with estradiol among those with BMI > 25, and Western pattern with SHBG among those with BMI < 25. In conclusion, we observed inverse associations between the AHEI score and several estrogens, and it was positively associated with plasma levels of SHBG. In contrast, the Western pattern was positively associated with estrogen levels and inversely with SHBG. However, these associations appeared to be largely accounted for by BMI. ' 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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“…Among premenopausal women, stronger positive associations were reported between animal fat intake and risk of ER þ or PR þ tumours than with ERÀ or PRÀ tumours (Cho et al, 2003). In the randomised Women's Health Initiative study, the low-fat group showed a significantly lower risk of ER þ and PRÀ breast cancers (Prentice et al, 2006). In contrast, the associations with fat did not differ by ER or PR status in the Nurses' Health Study (Kim et al, 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Dietary fat and breast cancer risk in the Swedish women's lifestyle and health cohort

et al. 2007

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We investigated whether dietary intakes of total fat, monounsaturated fat (MUFA), polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) and saturated fat (SFA) were associated with breast cancer risk in a prospective cohort of 49 261 Swedish women (30 -49 years at enrolment), which yielded 974 breast cancer cases by December 2005. Further, we evaluated if associations differed by oestrogen and/or progesterone receptor tumour status. Total fat, MUFA, PUFA or SFA were not associated with risk overall. However, women in the highest MUFA and PUFA quintile intake had a reduced breast cancer risk after age 50 years (hazard ratios: 95% confidence interval ¼ 0.45: 0.25 -0.99 and 0.54: 0.35 -0.85, respectively) compared to women in the lowest quintile. The associations did not differ by oestrogen or progesterone receptor status. Despite the negative findings, type of fat during premenopausal years may have later differential effects on risk.

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Low-Fat Dietary Pattern and Risk of Invasive Breast Cancer: The Women???s Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Dietary Modification Trial

Cited by 48 publications

References 0 publications

Food consumption by young adults living in Ribeirão Preto, SP, 2002/2004

Food consumption by young adults living in Ribeirão Preto, SP, 2002/2004

Dietary patterns, the Alternate Healthy Eating Index and plasma sex hormone concentrations in postmenopausal women

Dietary fat and breast cancer risk in the Swedish women's lifestyle and health cohort

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