Low-firing thick-film piezoresistive sensors for medical instruments

Maeder, Thomas; Jacq, Caroline; Ryser, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.sna.2011.03.048

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Moreover additional reducing conditions may be generated, on alloys forming Cr 2 ), and that are moreover not deleterious when fully reduced to metal; Co is in fact found in dielectrics for steel substrates ( Table 5). As the situation is very similar to PbO, it is surmised that our previous experiments with Pb based glasses, where Fe 2 O 3 additions were successfully applied, 68,71 may be extended to Bi based ones. It must be mentioned no adhesion problems were encountered on Al alloys, 445 in spite of the very strong reducing power of Al; it is surmised that formation of Al 2 O 3 rapidly results in the effective stoppage of oxygen diffusion, and hence limited interaction with the substrate, a hypothesis supported by the absence of oxidoreduction buffers in commercial enamels for Al.…”

Section: Dielectrics On Metal Substratesmentioning

confidence: 80%

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Review of Bi₂O₃ based glasses for electronics and related applications

Maeder

2013

International Materials Reviews

154

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The present work critically reviews the scientific and patent literature on low melting bismuth based oxide glass frits in materials for electronics, sensors and related applications such as sealing glasses, solar cells, architectural and automotive glass, the main motivation being to replace lead based materials by environmentally more benign ones. Due to similar glass forming properties of Bi and Pb, Bi based glasses are the closest 'drop-in' alternative for lead bearing formulations, and are therefore actually replacing them in many applications, helped also by previous experience with Bi containing materials in thick film technology and component metallisations. The outstanding issues are discussed, e.g. matching the lowest processing temperatures achieved by the classical lead based glasses without sacrificing durability and stability, as well as stability versus chemical reduction. Finally, consideration is also given to special 'heavy' glasses (often containing Bi and Pb together) that are useful in fields such as optics, superconductors and nuclear technology, as well as to specific Bi 2 O 3 containing crystalline compounds.Keywords: Glasses, Bismuth, Bi 2 O 3 , Electronics, Optics, Thick film technology, Sensors Introduction Low melting glasses in electronics and other applicationsAs for ceramics, inorganic glasses, glass-ceramic and glaze materials have long gone beyond their traditional uses to address a wide array of modern technological challenges, Owing to performance and cost criteria, most standard glasses have relatively high softening points. However, there are many technological applications where a low softening temperature is required, in order to lower energy expenditure, avoid damaging devices in contact with the glass during processing or ensure compatibility with other materials:(i) hermetic sealing of packages, lamps, electrical feedthroughs and semiconductor devices 13,14,16,17,19,44,45 (ii) hermetic sealing and mechanical attachment of sensors 23,27 ( Fig. 1) (iii) encapsulation of semiconductor devices 29,30 (iv) overglazing of automotive, packaging and architectural glass 33,34,[46][47][48] (v) photovoltaic (PV) solar cell technology -conductors and contacts 42,43,[49][50][51][52][53] (vi) enamelling of aluminium in architecture and home appliances 35,[54][55][56][57][58] (vii) thick film (TF) electronics and other devices 21,22,24,25,27,59 (Fig. 1, the section on 'PbO in low melting frits and TF technology'); especially, special low firing compositions for fabrication of circuits and sensors on glass or metals. 1,28,[66][67][68][69][70][71][72] For these applications, glasses are often formulated as frits (e.g. finely divided powder), which may be applied, dispersed in a suitable medium, onto a substrate by various methods such as slip casting, screen printing, roller/curtain coating, spraying, dispensing and electrophoresis, or as preforms for sealing. Classically, the aforementioned applications have to a great extent used lead based glasses, which have a rather unique combinat...

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Section: Dielectrics On Metal Substratesmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…71,323 Typical configurations are multilayer circuits and crossovers (Fig. 8c), as well as the deposition of complete circuits on metal (D).…”

Section: Insulating Dielectricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Bi₂O₃ based glasses for electronics and related applications

Maeder

2013

International Materials Reviews

154

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“…Among others, it is possible to release the area on the surface of outer layer of the PCB for assembly of active elements (Stęplewski and Borecki, 2013). Additionally, thanks to the piezoresistive effect, the thick-film resistors can be applicable as sensors of force, torque, load, acceleration or pressure (Jacq et al , 2014; Jacqa et al , 2013; Maeder et al , 2011; Serra et al , 2012; Papakostas and White, 2000; Gutierrez and Meng, 2010; White, 2017; Maeder et al , 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Piezoresistive effect in embedded thick-film resistors

Borecki

Araźna

Janeczek

et al. 2019

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Purpose Nowadays, using of material properties for monitoring of phenomena occurring in the surrounding environment is very desirable. Taking into account the dynamic development of Internet of Things and the technological development of printed electronics, research into the using of printed electronic components for sensor applications can be one of the most prominent directions of searching for new innovative solutions. Among others, it is possible to apply them to produce the strain gauges, as well as for construction of advanced sensors for medical applications. The goal of this paper is to present the possibilities and using different constructions of embedded polymer thick-film resistors as the sensors of tension or strain. Design/methodology/approach The investigations were based on the polymer thick-film resistors made of carbon or carbon–silver inks printed on copper pads made on FR-4 material on two sides. The longitudinal samples laminated with resin-coated copper foil material and without lamination were bent on a strength machine. During the tests, the resistors depending on their placement were stretched or compressed. Some of the samples were also tested under high pressure. Under the influence of applied stresses, there was a reversible change in electrical resistance, which was monitored. Findings The study showed that the polymer thick-film resistors are characterized by a measurable piezoresistive effect. By analyzing the value of the observed resistance changes, a magnitude of strain or pressure can be worked out. During the bending, the piezoresistive effect depends on the location and orientation of the resistor. After stopping of the mechanical strains, the electrical resistance of the resistive elements does not return exactly to the initial value. This is probably related to the substrate material and the resistive paste composition. The results are very promising and further research will be done. Originality/value The results provided information about the piezoresistive effect of polymer thick-film resistors printed on the deformable substrate which could be interesting for engineers involved in printed sensor development dedicated for different fields of application. This phenomenon can be used to manufacturing cheap and uncomplicated sensors to monitor deformation. There are several aspects to be solved, but with the use of new types of resistive pastes and substrates, there is a potential possibility of using such resistors as sensors.

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“…Tactile sensors have been added to surgical tools for real-time haptic feedback [10][11][12]. Force sensors combined with endoscopes have been utilized to monitor contact to protect nearby soft tissues [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Video-Assisted Tactile Sensor and Finite Element Simulation for Estimating Young’s Modulus of Porcine Liver

et al. 2015

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Surgeons use palpation for tasks such as the identification of biological tissues and the localization of blood vessels and boundaries of local inclusions. Human tissues are unavailable for palpation during laparoscopic operations. A device that can help surgeons distinguish different soft tissues is thus desirable. This study proposes an approach for palpation that uses a self-developed video-assisted tactile sensor. The sensing device, which consists of a video camera, a force sensor, and a semispherical head made of polydimethylsiloxane, can measure the contact area and load on an object. A numerical simulation of the indentation process was performed based on the finite element method. The bisection method was used to estimate the Young's modulus of the object by fitting the results of the simulation to the experimental contact area and load. Fresh porcine livers were used to represent soft tissues to verify the approach. Force control was used in the tests and calculations. The average Young's modulus of the fresh porcine livers was 1.1 kPa. To simulate altered tissue, the porcine liver was boiled. The results showed that the modulus of the boiled livers was 25 times higher than that of the fresh porcine livers. Therefore, the proposed approach can distinguish normal tissue from altered tissue, and is thus feasible for palpation.

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Low-firing thick-film piezoresistive sensors for medical instruments

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

Review of Bi₂O₃ based glasses for electronics and related applications

Review of Bi₂O₃ based glasses for electronics and related applications

Piezoresistive effect in embedded thick-film resistors

Application of Video-Assisted Tactile Sensor and Finite Element Simulation for Estimating Young’s Modulus of Porcine Liver

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Low-firing thick-film piezoresistive sensors for medical instruments

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

Review of Bi2O3 based glasses for electronics and related applications

Review of Bi2O3 based glasses for electronics and related applications

Piezoresistive effect in embedded thick-film resistors

Application of Video-Assisted Tactile Sensor and Finite Element Simulation for Estimating Young’s Modulus of Porcine Liver

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Review of Bi₂O₃ based glasses for electronics and related applications

Review of Bi₂O₃ based glasses for electronics and related applications