Low‐Frequency Electroacupuncture Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Diabetic Mice through Activation of SIRT1/PGC‐1<i>α</i> in Skeletal Muscle

Liang, Feng-Xia; Chen, Rui; Nakagawa, Atsushi; Nishizawa, Makoto; Tsuda, Shinichi; Wang, Hua; Koya, Daisuke

doi:10.1155/2011/735297

Cited by 55 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Low-frequency EA is applied more frequently for the treatment of insulin resistance with beneficial results (25,29,30). In the current study, we tested various frequencies and found EA with 3 Hz and 15 Hz reduced blood glucose; whereas neither 1 Hz nor 100 Hz had any hypoglycemic effect in mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have shown EA at CV4 and CV12 with 15 Hz reduced plasma glucose concentration in rats with or without hyperglycemia (9); using the same EA method, Ishizaki et al (25) reported glucose tolerance was improved and insulin sensitivity was enhanced during EA in diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats. With 3 Hz EA at CV4 and ST36, Liang et al (30) reported a reduction of fasting blood glucose after 8 wk of treatment in obese diabetic mice, an effect mediated via improvement in insulin sensitivity. Our findings were consistent with findings reported in the literature; however, we explored EA at more frequencies and different locations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CV4 (Guanyuan) is located at 2 units above the upper crest of pubis bone (total 14 units from pubis bone to the top of xiphoid process), while CV12 (Zhongwan) is located at seven units above CV4 (9,30). The ear acupoints are located around auricular concha bilaterally.…”

Section: Electroacupuncturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) was performed after 5 h of fasting by intraperitoneal injection of 20% glucose (1 g/kg body wt). About a 5-l blood sample was then collected from the tail vein at each time point 0 (baseline) and then 15,30,60,90, and 120 min after the injection for the assessment of blood glucose level. The blood glucose level was measured by a glucometer (Accu-Check Aviva, Roche, Mannheim, Germany).…”

Section: Experimental Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hypoglycemic effects and mechanisms of electroacupuncture on insulin resistance

Yin

Kuang

Chandalia

et al. 2014

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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The aim of this study was to investigate effects and mechanisms of electroacupuncture (EA) on blood glucose and insulin sensitivity in mice fed a high-fat diet. Both wild-type (WT) and adipose ectonucleotide pyrophosphate phosphodiesterase (ENPP1) transgenic (TG) mice were fed a high-fat diet for 12 wk; for each mouse, an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were performed with or without EA at abdomen or auricular areas. A high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance in both WT and TG mice. In the WT mice, EA at 3 Hz and 15 Hz, but not at 1 Hz or 100 Hz, via CV4ϩCV12 significantly reduced postprandial glucose levels; EA at 3 Hz was most potent. The glucose level was reduced by 61.7% at 60 min and 74.5% at 120 min with EA at 3 Hz (all P Ͻ 0.001 vs. control). Similar hypoglycemic effect was noted in the TG mice. On the contrary, EA at auricular points increased postprandial glucose level (P Ͻ 0.03). 4). EA at 3 Hz via CV4ϩCV12 significantly enhanced the decrease of blood glucose after insulin injection, suggesting improvement of insulin sensitivity. Plasma free fatty acid was significantly suppressed by 42.5% at 15 min and 50.8% at 30 min with EA (P Ͻ 0.01) in both WT and TG mice. EA improves glucose tolerance in both WT and TG mice fed a high-fat diet, and the effect is associated with stimulation parameters and acupoints and is probably attributed to the reduction of free fatty acid. electroacupuncture; insulin resistance; glucose; vagal activity; free fatty acid DIABETES AFFECTS ABOUT 8.3% of Americans with an estimated total cost of over $174 billion (3). In addition, about 79 million American adults have prediabetes (3) and about 34% of American adults have metabolic syndrome (14). Insulin resistance is one of the major contributing factors for diabetes, prediabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Obesity is virtually always associated with insulin resistance (16). Insulin resistance increases with weight gain and decreases with weight loss (44), indicating that fat accumulation is not only associated with but, in fact, causes insulin resistance (5). In addition, insulin resistance is known to be attributed to elevated plasma free fatty acid (FFA) (6). Elevated plasma FFA and intracellular lipid inhibit insulin signaling, leading to a reduction in insulin-stimulated muscle glucose transport (13,27). The resulting suppression of muscle glucose transport leads to reduced muscle glycogen synthesis and glycosis.Obese patients with insulin resistance have been reported to have increased adipose tissue ectonucleotide pyrophosphate phosphodiesterase (ENPP1) (17). ENPP1 modulates insulin action by physical interaction with the ␣-subunit of the insulin receptor and inhibition of ␤-subunit activation (20,24,36). In the transgenic model, previous studies elucidated that ENPP1 overexpression in insulin-sensitive tissues (liver, muscle, and brain) plays a role in insulin resistance and hyperglycemia, suggesting an important animal model to investigate insulin resistance. Recently, one stud...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electroacupuncturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Hypoglycemic effects and mechanisms of electroacupuncture on insulin resistance

Yin

Kuang

Chandalia

et al. 2014

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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“…The impact of acupuncture on obesity has been investigated mainly in rats, with the exception of a recent study on mice. 51 …”

Section: Animal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acupuncture in the Treatment of Obesity: A Narrative Review of the Literature

et al. 2013

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Obesity is one of the leading health risk factors worldwide and is associated with several other risk factors and health problems including type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and malignancies. Current conventional therapeutic strategies for obesity cannot achieve adequate weight control in all patients, so complementary types of treatment are also performed. Acupuncture, one of the oldest healing practices, represents the most rapidly growing complementary therapy which is recognised by both the National Institutes of Health and the WHO. A previous review concluded that acupuncture was superior to lifestyle advice, to sham acupuncture and to conventional medication. In this narrative review, the possible mechanisms of actions and the results of recent experimental and clinical studies with different forms of acupuncture (eg, body, auricular, manual and electroacupuncture) are presented. In particular, the effects of acupuncture on anorexigenic and orexigenic peptides, insulin resistance, lipid metabolism and inflammatory markers are discussed. Both experimental and clinical current data suggest that acupuncture exerts beneficial effects on the mechanisms of obesity. Some data suggest that electroacupuncture may be more effective than manual acupuncture; however, the most effective frequency remains controversial. Combination of different forms of acupuncture with diet and exercise seems to be necessary for achieving and maintaining weight loss. Further prospective clinical trials are needed to establish the effectiveness of this complementary method for obesity treatment.

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A novel treatment strategy targeting cellular pathways with natural products to alleviate sarcopenia

Lee,

Yang

et al. 2024

Phytotherapy Research

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Sarcopenia is a condition marked by a significant reduction in muscle mass and strength, primarily due to the aging process, which critically impacts muscle protein dynamics, metabolic functions, and overall physical functionality. This condition leads to increased body fat and reduced daily activity, contributing to severe health issues and a lower quality of life among the elderly. Recognized in the ICD‐10‐CM only in 2016, sarcopenia lacks definitive treatment options despite its growing prevalence and substantial social and economic implications. Given the aging global population, addressing sarcopenia has become increasingly relevant and necessary. The primary causes include aging, cachexia, diabetes, and nutritional deficiencies, leading to imbalances in protein synthesis and degradation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and hormonal changes. Exercise remains the most effective intervention, but it is often impractical for individuals with limited mobility, and pharmacological options such as anabolic steroids and myostatin inhibitors are not FDA‐approved and are still under investigation. This review is crucial as it examines the potential of natural products as a novel treatment strategy for sarcopenia, targeting multiple mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis. By exploring natural products' multi‐targeted effects, this study aims to provide innovative and practical solutions for sarcopenia management. Therefore, this review indicates significant improvements in muscle mass and function with the use of specific natural compounds, suggesting promising alternatives for those unable to engage in regular physical activity.

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Low‐Frequency Electroacupuncture Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Diabetic Mice through Activation of SIRT1/PGC‐1α in Skeletal Muscle

Cited by 55 publications

References 44 publications

Hypoglycemic effects and mechanisms of electroacupuncture on insulin resistance

Hypoglycemic effects and mechanisms of electroacupuncture on insulin resistance

Acupuncture in the Treatment of Obesity: A Narrative Review of the Literature

A novel treatment strategy targeting cellular pathways with natural products to alleviate sarcopenia

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