Low Frequency Excess Noise Source Investigation of Off-Diagonal GMI-Based Magnetometers

Dufaÿ, Bruno; Portalier, Elodie; Saez, Sébastien; Dolabdjian, Christophe; Seddaoui, D.; Yelon, A.; Ménard, David

doi:10.1109/tmag.2016.2615597

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…We have recently proposed that the intrinsic fluctuations of the magnetization direction are responsible of this excess noise [6]. These fluctuations could appear in the term zn(t) as long as the sensitivity of the GMI impedance to the magnetization direction is known.…”

Section: B Noise Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These fluctuations could appear in the term zn(t) as long as the sensitivity of the GMI impedance to the magnetization direction is known. In our case, the quantity of interest is the equivalent magnetic noise spectral density which relies on the imaginary part of the magnetic susceptibility, χ'' as previously detailed [6]. It yields…”

Section: B Noise Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Usually, equivalent magnetic noise spectral densities of GMI-based devices shows white noise for upper frequency bands (above few kHz), mainly originating from the electronic conditioning circuitry [5]. At lower frequency, an excess noise arises, exhibiting a 1/f behavior, due to intrinsic noise of the sensor related to low frequency fluctuations of the magnetization direction [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-time fluctuations of off-diagonal GMI-based magnetometers

et al. 2017

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Section: B Noise Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Noise Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-time fluctuations of off-diagonal GMI-based magnetometers

et al. 2017

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“…These modules should be given priority in the optimization of the noise of the conditioning circuit. The above results provide technical support for the practical application of low-noise GMI magnetometers.Sensors 2020, 20, 960 2 of 13 component through impedance fluctuations [12,13]. The intrinsic noise of the GMI component is 2~3 magnitudes [14] lower than that of the conditioning circuit.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sensors 2020, 20, 960 2 of 13 component through impedance fluctuations [12,13]. The intrinsic noise of the GMI component is 2~3 magnitudes [14] lower than that of the conditioning circuit.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Noise Modeling and Simulation of Giant Magnetic Impedance (GMI) Magnetic Sensor

Jin

Wang

et al. 2020

Sensors

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The detection resolution of a giant magneto-impedance (GMI) sensor is mainly limited by its equivalent input magnetic noise. The noise characteristics of a GMI sensor are evaluated by noise modeling and simulation, which can further optimize the circuit design. This paper first analyzes the noise source of the GMI sensor. It discusses the noise model of the circuit, the output sensitivity model and the modeling process of equivalent input magnetic noise. The noise characteristics of three modules that have the greatest impact on the output noise are then simulated. Finally, the simulation results are verified by experiments. By comparing the simulated noise spectrum curve and the experimental noise spectrum curve, it is demonstrated that the preamplifier and the multiplier contribute the most to the output white noise, and the low-pass filter plays a major role in the output 1/f noise. These modules should be given priority in the optimization of the noise of the conditioning circuit. The above results provide technical support for the practical application of low-noise GMI magnetometers.Sensors 2020, 20, 960 2 of 13 component through impedance fluctuations [12,13]. The intrinsic noise of the GMI component is 2~3 magnitudes [14] lower than that of the conditioning circuit. Above all, the conditioning circuit is the main factor of noise sources [15][16][17], and it is mainly studied in this paper.Conditioning circuit noise is inherent noise inside an electronic system, which is caused by the random motion of the charge carriers. It includes the thermal noise of the resistor [18,19], the shot noise of the PN junction and the 1/f noise [20,21]. For the GMI sensor, the conditioning circuit structure is divided into two parts: the excitation circuit and the detection circuit. The excitation circuit mainly includes an incentive source and voltage-to-current converter [22]. The detection circuit includes a preamplifier, a peak detection circuit and an instrumentation amplifier [23,24]. Each part contains multiple noise sources, and the noise effect contributes differently to the total output noise of the sensor. According to the Fries theorem, in order to achieve the best noise characteristics, the signal-to-noise ratio and the equivalent input noise voltage are generally used to weigh and design the various parts of the system [25,26]. Therefore, by modeling the noise of each module in MATLAB, the dominant noise source is found, allowing further optimization of the dominant noise source and significantly improving the noise characteristics of the conditioning circuit.The work of this paper is divided into three steps: firstly, the modeling idea of the equivalent input magnetic noise model of a GMI sensor is discussed. The output voltage noise model, sensitivity model and equivalent input magnetic noise model are established. Then the noise contribution of each module is computed, and the optimization scheme of the dominant noise source is discussed. Finally, the effectiveness of the noise optimization method is verifie...

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A Magnetoelastic Twist on Magnetic Noise: The Connection with Intrinsic Nonlinearities

Spetzler,

McCord

2023

Adv Funct Materials

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Intrinsic magnetic noise limits the functionality of all magnetic field sensors and related devices using magnetic films as sensing elements. A novel origin of magnetic noise due to ferromagnetic material's magnetostriction is revealed by implementing a comprehensive multi‐level signal‐noise model and thoroughly validating it experimentally on magnetoelectric composite ΔE‐effect sensors. From electrical measurements and operando magnetic domain visualization, magnetic contributions are shown to dominate the noise floor and limit the overall performance of multi‐domain magnetoelastic sensors. The newly introduced noise contribution is correlated with the nonlinearity of the magnetostrictive properties. The effect on sensor output is particularly pronounced in magnetoelastic and magnetoelectric composite devices, but the results generally apply to all sensor devices incorporating magnetic materials. Therefore, the identified magnetic noise source makes a significant contribution to understanding the limitations of magnetic sensors and provides important guidelines for optimizing future magnetic sensors for low detectivity.

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Low Frequency Excess Noise Source Investigation of Off-Diagonal GMI-Based Magnetometers

Cited by 17 publications

References 22 publications

Long-time fluctuations of off-diagonal GMI-based magnetometers

Long-time fluctuations of off-diagonal GMI-based magnetometers

Noise Modeling and Simulation of Giant Magnetic Impedance (GMI) Magnetic Sensor

A Magnetoelastic Twist on Magnetic Noise: The Connection with Intrinsic Nonlinearities

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