Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields in Diagnostics of Low-Speed Electrical and Mechanical Systems

Oravec, Milan; Lipovský, Pavol; Šmelko, Miroslav; Adamčík, Pavel; Witoś, Mirosław; Kwaśniewski, Jerzy

doi:10.3390/su13169197

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…The resulting visualization for simple devices, e.g. cable, transformer, in stationary modes of operation, takes the form of the closed patterns [Oravec 2020] with the characteristic carrying frequency.…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Frequency Magnetic Fields Near Charging Stations for Electric Vehicles

ORAVEC¹,

LIPOVSKY²

2022

MM SJ

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Charging stations (CHS) for electric vehicles (EV) are considered as sources of local magnetic fields (MF). The MF created by the CHS depends mainly on the actual charging power and topology of the electrical components inside the CHS. MF are in technical practice represented by the effective value of the magnetic flux density BRMS. However, the complex view has to consider the resulting MF vector, its components and the corresponding frequency values of the components at the measurement point and also their corresponding time development. The paper presents measurements of MF near the CHS that were performed with the VEMA-04 series magnetometer and 38 kW power drawn from the CHS. The parameters of the magnetic fields were evaluated in both the time and the frequency domains. The aim of this analysis is to point out that evaluating only simple effective value BRMS of MF is not sufficient.

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Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Frequency Magnetic Fields Near Charging Stations for Electric Vehicles

ORAVEC¹,

LIPOVSKY²

2022

MM SJ

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“…The measurement of components B x , B y , and B z enabled the identification of the direction in which the maximum magnetic field value was applied. The resulting rotating vector MF [38] provided information not only about the position and pulse of the MF but also the errors [48]. At the same time, it is possible to point out the possibilities of interpretation of measured MP values.…”

Section: Electricity Transmission and Its Transformationmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The noise spectral densities of the used magnetometers were identified experimentally with long-term measurements and also with the method presented in [33], which were approximately 280 pT/ √ Hz@1 Hz and 230 pT// √ Hz@10 Hz for all channels. More information is in [33,34], and the error rate of the VEMA-041 measuring device is listed in [38].…”

Section: Measurement and Evaluation Of Experimental Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Fields of Devices during Electric Vehicle Charging: A Slovak Case Study

et al. 2021

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The aim of this contribution is to identify and quantify the magnetic field parameter (MP) devices for charging electric vehicles (EVs). An EV is a mobile device. The EV remains a mobile device even when it is charging in a fixed charging stand. ICNIRP and SBM standards apply to stable devices. A magnetic field (MF) creates local gradient fields that change cyclically over time near the charging stations. The rotating vector MF is a specific parameter. An MF is evaluated by its strength and spatial changes. The triaxial fluxgate magnetometer VEMA-041 was used for the measurements. The MF was observed in the frequency range of 0–250 Hz, and the magnetic induction density was from T 2 × 10−9 T to 2 × 10−5 T, with a sensitivity of 1.7 nT. The MF analysis was performed within the time and frequency range. The rotating vector MF was identified at the measurement points. Measurements were realized for the charge under the following parameters: cables, 600 A; transformer, 250 kVA (22 kV/400 V); a cab-fixed charging stand, and an AC/DC charger in the EV. EV charging was performed with 6.6 kW of power and 43-kW fast charging. The measured results were satisfactory, according to the ICNIRP and SBM 2015 standard. The values measured at a distance of 1 m from the wall of the transformer were BRMS < 2 µT. BRMS values <3 µT were measured in the space of the cable’s entry into the distribution box. EV values should not be assessed under this regulation. However, an EV is a mobile device. In the selected EV sample (a first-generation Nissan Leaf), a frequency of 10 Hz and its multiples were detected during charging. The frequencies were generated in an AC/DC charger in the EV. These frequencies reached BRMS < 0.2 µT in the driver’s footwell. The maximum value of the MF rotating vector was Btota l< 0.3 µT and was directed to the crew area of the EV. The AC/DC charger generated BRMS = 0.95 µTin the driver’s footwell. It is necessary to look for new tools for evaluating MFs for EVs, such as the standards used for stable sources today. These standards should be based on dosimetric principles.

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“…The monopole part of the artificial earth is covered with a sandwich dielectric fibreglass cover. All screws used on the antenna system are made of non-magnetic stainless steel, which prevents the effect of parasitic magnetic fields on the HMC 5983 sensor [31,34].…”

Section: Calculation and Design Of The Antenna System Of The Idvormentioning

confidence: 99%

A Reasonable Alternative System for Searching UAVs in the Local Area

Češkovič

Kurdel

Gecejová

et al. 2022

Sensors

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UAVs, used for professional purposes, often intervene in unfamiliar terrain and challenging conditions. Unlike recreational UAVs, such professional and specialised UAVs are very expensive to develop and operate, and their value is not negligible. Due to the nature of operations in an unknown or dangerous environment, there are also situations with forced interruption and termination of the flight mission or a collision with the environment. Locating a lost vehicle presents a new challenge for UAV operators. The possibilities of today’s localised commercial aircraft in distress (COSPASS/SARSAT systems) are undesirable for selective special-purpose drones. The optimisation of the location in the event of an emergency or catastrophic landing may be justified by a social or other condition, where the user wants to search for the device by a system other than the one experienced for rescuing people, ideally on their reserved frequencies. The article proposes a new approach to solving the problem based on the design of a terrestrial localisation system based on the methods of processing and correlation of the obtained data by the physical principle of the Doppler effect and its own system adaptation. This creates an innovative concept of a targeting system based on the broadcasting of distress (VHF) signal by crashed UAV. This signal is captured and evaluated by the IDVOR system, making it possible to determine the direction in which the searched UAV is placed. In order to determine the difference between standard targeting systems of the UAV, which use information about position (exact coordinates (x,y,z)), the IDVOR system is able to determine direction, independent of other systems in every “enemy” or “inhospitable” territory.

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Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields in Diagnostics of Low-Speed Electrical and Mechanical Systems

Cited by 9 publications

References 73 publications

Low Frequency Magnetic Fields Near Charging Stations for Electric Vehicles

Low Frequency Magnetic Fields Near Charging Stations for Electric Vehicles

Magnetic Fields of Devices during Electric Vehicle Charging: A Slovak Case Study

A Reasonable Alternative System for Searching UAVs in the Local Area

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