Low-friction tribofilm formed by the reaction of ZDDP on iron oxide

Oil-soluble ionic liquids as antiwear and extreme pressure additives in poly-α-olefin for steel/steel contacts

“…ZDDP as an organic metal type additive has been extensively applied in engine oils for more than 70 years owing to their remarkable antioxidation and lubricating property [31,32]. Meanwhile, the mixtures have exhibited adequate lubricating performance at low mass concentrations; hence, the concentration of 1.0 wt% was selected during the control tests.…”

“…EDS as a powerful tool has been widely adopted to investigate the accurate section-distribution of elements of wear scar surfaces [29,32,42]. To further study the lubricating mechanism, the section-distribution of P, S, Zn, and N of wear scars lubricated by ZDDP, P 888S S P , and N 88816 S P at 300 N and 25 Hz, as illustrated in Fig.…”

“…It is evident that the mass contents of P, S, and Zn of wear scars lubricated by ZDDP are approximately 0.66%, 0.43%, and 0.17%, respectively, indicating the reaction of these active elements with the steel surface. The formation of tribochemical film in the sliding process plays the key role in reducing friction and enhancing anti-wear properties, which has been extensively researched [31,32,36]. The mass contents of P and S increase to 1.20%, 0.84% and 1.26%, 1.04%, respectively, when employing P 888S S P and N 88816 S P as the lubricant additives.…”

Proposal of Biomimetic Tribological System to Control Friction Behavior under Boundary Lubrication by Applying 3D Metal Printing Process

“…When the PAO-ZDDP solution was used, there was no difference in the frictional properties of the LSP and the conventional system, which can be explained by the thermal decomposition temperature. The thermal decomposition temperature of ZDDP is much lower than that of MoDTC (ZDDP: approximately 100°C, MoDTC: approximately 300°C) [18,31]. This indicates that ZDDP alone supplied via the lubricant supply path may have quickly decomposed and formed the tribofilm on the sliding surface.…”

“…ZDDP, which is a major additive in automobile formulated oils, has shown very good anti-wear and anti-oxidant properties. Tribofilms originating from ZDDP are known to contribute to the improvement in lubricity, and many studies have been carried out to reveal this mechanism [17][18][19][20][21]; ZnS, ZnO, FePO4, and compounds with P-S bonds were found to be produced during sliding, and a layer consisting of polyphosphate was formed on the outermost surface of the tribofilm. On the other hand, MoDTC, which is also used in automotive engine oils, is a friction modifier; MoS 2 derived from MoDTC shows low friction under boundary lubrication [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30].…”