2004
DOI: 10.1086/421502
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Low Genetic Diversity despite Hyperendemicity of Hepatitis B Virus Genotype E throughout West Africa

Abstract: Sub-Saharan Africa suffers from an excessively high endemicity of hepatitis B virus (HBV), but little is known about the prevalent genotypes. In this study, we investigated the PreS1/PreS2/S genes of 127 viruses obtained from 12 locations in Mali, Burkina Faso, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Except for those obtained from the Cameroon HIV cohort (18/22 HBV genotype A), 96 of 105 sequences belonged to HBV genotype E (HBV/E), and viral DNA was very similar (1.67% diversity)… Show more

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Cited by 154 publications
(235 citation statements)
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“…1). These findings were consistent with the previously recognized limited diversity of genotype E strain sequences (Mulders et al, 2004) and suggest that OBI strains do not constitute a specific cluster. Quasispecies diversity within OBI samples was limited (0.20-0.58 %), except for sample PW5 (1.28 %) as indicated above, and possibly reflected the low level of replication.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 92%
“…1). These findings were consistent with the previously recognized limited diversity of genotype E strain sequences (Mulders et al, 2004) and suggest that OBI strains do not constitute a specific cluster. Quasispecies diversity within OBI samples was limited (0.20-0.58 %), except for sample PW5 (1.28 %) as indicated above, and possibly reflected the low level of replication.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 92%
“…Elsewhere in Africa, several hybrid strains have been described as involving HBV/E and genotypes A, D and G (Bekondi et al, 2007;Garmiri et al, 2009;Kurbanov et al, 2005;Laoi & Crowley, 2008;Meldal et al, 2009;Mulders et al, 2004;Olinger et al, 2006). Molecular analyses often found these same recombinant sites.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…int/csr/disease/hepatitis/HepatitisB_whocdscsrlyo2002_2.pdf), among whom over 360 million are in a chronic carrier state with a high risk of developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (Ganem & Prince, 2004;Lee et al, 1997;Lok, 2004). About 70-140 million of these carriers live in Africa, and about 250 000 of the 1.3 million HBV-related deaths recorded each year throughout the world occur in Africa (Andernach et al, 2009;Hubschen et al, 2008;Kramvis & Kew, 2007;Kramvis et al, 2002;Mulders et al, 2004). HBV belongs to the family Hepadnaviridae and is characterized by a partially double-stranded circular DNA genome of 3These authors contributed equally to this work.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These genotypes have a distinct geographical distribution, with genotypes A (HBV/A) and HBV/ D predominant in Europe, Middle East, Central Asia, Siberia, and America, HBV/B and HBV/C in East Asia, and HBV/E in Africa. In addition, HBV/F has been reported in Central America, and HBV/G in the United States and France [Norder et al, 1993;Lindh et al, 1997;Sanchez-Tapias et al, 2002;Chu et al, 2003;Miyakawa and Mizokami, 2003;Deversa et al, 2004;Mulders et al, 2004;Tallo et al, 2004]. In Japan, HBV/C is the most prevalent, followed by HBV/B, while others are encountered very rarely.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%