Low Genetic Diversity of Hepatitis B Virus Surface Gene amongst Australian Blood Donors

Phan, Ngoc; Faddy, Helen M.; Flower, Robert L.; Dimech, Wayne; Spann, Kirsten; Roulis, Eileen

doi:10.3390/v13071275

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Viruses with a smaller genome also tend to exhibit more genetic diversity than those with larger genomes [2, 4]. There is wide variability in the genetic diversity of blood‐borne viruses, such as the single‐stranded RNA viruses, hepatitis C virus (HCV) [5] and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [6], and the partially double‐stranded DNA virus, hepatitis B virus (HBV) [7, 8]. Based on genetic diversity, viruses can be separated into genotypes and eventually sub‐genotypes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Monitoring viral genomic sequences in transfusion‐transmitted viruses

2023

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Background and Objectives Monitoring genomic sequences of blood‐borne viruses infecting blood donors enables blood operators to undertake molecular epidemiology, confirm transfusion transmission and assess and characterize molecular and serological screening assays. The purpose of the study was to determine how blood operators globally value viral diversity surveillance and to assess its impact. Materials and Methods An electronic questionnaire was developed and circulated to members of the International Society of Blood Transfusion‐transmitted infectious diseases working party. Responses were compiled and complete data sets were analysed. Results Ninety‐seven percent of respondents agreed that monitoring viral genomic sequences was important to blood operators and the transfusion community. However, only 47% of respondents are currently doing this monitoring. The main limitations reported were a lack of financial resources and expertise. Sequencing techniques, primarily next‐generation sequencing and also Sanger sequencing, were considered most appropriate, with the preferred option for testing being regional or national reference centres. Respondents agreed that engagement with public health authorities needs to be enhanced. Conclusion Monitoring genomic sequences of blood‐borne viruses is widely considered important by the transfusion community because of its direct applications for transfusion safety, and beyond for public health in general. Therefore, there is a need to strengthen collaboration between blood operators and public health authorities. While national and regional reference centres may be the most appropriate structure for such testing, international collaborations should not be overlooked. Overcoming financial barriers will be an important hurdle for many.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring viral genomic sequences in transfusion‐transmitted viruses

2023

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“…HBsAg is composed of 226 amino acid (aa) residues encoded by the HBV S gene. The region from aa 99 to aa 169 is called the major hydrophilic region (MHR) and is an important antigen epitope to stimulate B cells to produce neutralizing antibodies ( 23 , 24 ). Mutation of the HBV S gene, especially the MHR region, can cause immune escape by changing the antigenicity of HBsAg and reducing the binding force of neutralizing antibodies or affecting the secretion of HBsAg ( 25 , 26 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of S gene characteristic sequences and changes in properties of protein expression in HBV ASCs with low-level HBsAg

Zhang

Dai

et al. 2022

Front. Med.

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ObjectiveWe detected the serum HBsAg immune complex (HBsAg-CIC) and sequenced the HBV S gene in these patients to reveal the association between sustained low-level expression of HBsAg and mutated S gene sequence characteristics, protein function changes, and HBsAg immune complex formation.MethodsA total of 204 samples were collected and divided into high-level (n = 60, HBsAg level >10 IU/ml) and low-level (n = 144, HBsAg level ≤ 10 IU/ml) HBsAg groups. The clinical and epidemiological data of the two groups were statistically compared. According to different serological patterns and genotypes, the HBsAg-CIC results of the high-level and low-level HBsAg groups were divided into different subgroups, and then the HBsAg-CIC positive rates among different subgroups were compared. We sequenced the S gene of HBV from the two groups and identified the relevant mutations in the MHR of the S gene. In addition, we compared the changes in HBsAg protein properties and functions after hot spot mutation in the MHR of the S gene.ResultsComparing the positive rates of HBsAg-CIC under different serological patterns and genotypes in the two groups, the HBsAg-CIC positive rate was higher in the low-level HBsAg group. Moreover, there was weak correlation between HBsAg-CIC and HBsAg or HBV DNA in both groups (r = 0.32, 0.27, 0.41, 0.48; P < 0.05). Sequencing of S gene in the two groups, showed that the hot-spot mutations were T126A, M133L/T/S, and F134L/T/I in MHR of S gene of genotype B, and hot-spot mutations were Q101R and I126S/T in MHR of S gene of genotype C. Additionally, the positive rate of MHR mutation in the S gene from HBsAg-CIC positive patients was higher in the low-level HBsAg group.ConclusionThe host immune process of clearing HBV seems to have multiple site mutations in MHR, which changes the physicochemical properties and functions of HBsAg and intensifies the formation of HBsAg-CIC, thus avoiding the effective recognition of HBsAg by the host and resulting in immune tolerance between the host and HBV, which may be one of the formation mechanisms of sustained low-level expression of HBsAg in the serum of HBV-infected persons.

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Frequency of drug resistance and immune escape mutations in the hepatitis B virus genome detected in pregnant women in the Republic of Guinea

Balde

Ostankova

Boumbaly

et al. 2023

Problems of Virology

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The aim of the work is to assess the prevalence of hepatitis B virus drug resistance mutations and immune escape mutations in pregnant women in the Republic of Guinea. Materials and methods. Blood plasma samples obtained from 480 pregnant women from different regions of the Republic of Guinea with laboratory-confirmed viral hepatitis B were studied. Nucleotide sequences for genotype identification and mutation detection were obtained using nested-PCR followed by Sanger sequencing, based on overlapping pairs of primers spanning the complete genome of the virus. Results and discussion. In the examined group, the viral genotype E was the most prevalent (92.92%) compared with subgenotypes A1 (1.67%), A3 (1.46%), D1 (0.63%), D2 (1.04%) and D3 (2.29%). Among the examined HBV-infected pregnant women, 188 (39.17%) had undetectable HBsAg. Drug resistance mutations were detected in 33 individuals, which amounted to 6.88%. The following mutations were found: S78T (27.27%), L80I (24.24%), S202I (15.15%), M204I/V (42.42%). The presence of polymorphic variants not described as drug resistant has also been shown in positions associated with the development of drug resistance to tenofovir, lamivudine, telbivudine and entecavir (L80F, S202I, M204R). When analyzing the MHR and the region of a determinant, mutations were detected in 318 (66.25%) of pregnant women. In 172 of them, which amounted to 54.09%, multiple mutations were found. The amino acid substitutions in 13 positions associated with HBsAg-negative hepatitis B and/or potentially affecting HBsAg antigenicity were identified. Conclusion. The high prevalence of immune escape and drug resistance mutations potentially associated with false-negative result of HBsAg screening, prophylaxis failure, and virological failure of therapy that has been identified among treatment naive pregnant women imposes a serious problem.

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Low Genetic Diversity of Hepatitis B Virus Surface Gene amongst Australian Blood Donors

Cited by 3 publications

References 44 publications

Monitoring viral genomic sequences in transfusion‐transmitted viruses

Monitoring viral genomic sequences in transfusion‐transmitted viruses

Analysis of S gene characteristic sequences and changes in properties of protein expression in HBV ASCs with low-level HBsAg

Frequency of drug resistance and immune escape mutations in the hepatitis B virus genome detected in pregnant women in the Republic of Guinea

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