Low Input Power an All Optical 4 × 2 Encoder based on Triangular Lattice Shape Photonic Crystal

Abstract

An all optical encoder based triangular lattice shape photonic crystal (PC) is proposed. The device is composed of two ring resonator waveguides and two OR gate with four input ports waveguides and two output ports waveguides in triangular lattice shape PC. The band diagram of base PC structure calculated by plane wave expansion (PWE) method. Also, transmission and distribution of electrical field behaviors of the proposed device are verified by two dimensional finite difference time domain (2D-FDTD) method. The proposed 4 × 2 encoder can operate at third communication window range, considering definitions of logic 0 and 1 being the normalized transmission as less than 3% and greater than 95% respectively. Despite the nonlinear encoders, in our case, due to the non-use of non-linear effects such as Kerr effect, low input power required for encoder.

Investigation on ultra-compact, high contrast ratio 2D-photonic crystal based all optical 4 × 2 encoder

“…In self-collimation method, a phase shifter is required, as the output depends upon the phase of the input signals which in turn leads large foot print [20,21]. The waveguide and ring resonator based encoders are reported with T shape, L shape and Y shape waveguide and square, quasi-square, hexagonal, elliptical and circular shape ring resonators [22][23][24][25][26][27].…”

A novel design of fast and compact all-optical full-adder using nonlinear resonant cavities

“…Every PCRR has a resonant mode, acting as an optical pass-band or stopband lter. So far, a large number of PhC-based devices such as optical lters [20][21][22][23], logic gates [24][25][26], encoders [27,28], comparators [29,30], adders and subtractors [10,31,32], registers [33,34], and memories [35][36][37], as well as all-optical clocked sequential circuits including ip-ops [38,39], synchronous and asynchronous counters [40,41] have been designed and fabricated. New functionality was created using high nonlinear dielectric rods in the resonator, and switching applications can be achieved.…”

Ultra-fast tunable optoelectronic half adder/subtractor based on photonic crystal ring resonators covered by graphene nanoshells

“…It is possible to confine and control the propagation of electromagnetic waves inside the desired PhC-based structures due to the available photonic band gap (PBG) in PhCs. So far a variety of all-optical devices such as filters [7][8][9][10][11], modulators [12,13], sensors [14][15][16][17][18], optical fibers [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26], fundamental logic gates [27][28][29][30][31][32][33], encoders [34][35][36], decoders [37][38][39], demultiplexers [40][41][42][43][44], PhC fibers [45][46][47][48][49], interferometers [50,51], comparators [52][53][54]…”