Low intensity blood flow restriction exercise: Rationale for a hypoalgesia effect

Hughes, Luke; Patterson, Stephen D.

doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109370

Cited by 32 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 129 publications

(253 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Conversely, wrist muscles are composed of 35-85% fast-twitch fibers compared to 15-65% slow-twitch fibers (48). Thus, the duration and intensity of contraction may not have fatigued enough low-threshold motor units of the back muscles to engage high threshold motor units that are thought to be involved in the induction of hypoalgesia (49)(50)(51). Studies testing the effect of exercises involving back-muscle contraction seem to support this hypothesis.…”

Section: Differential Effect Of Wrist and Back Exercises On Pptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wrist, but Not Back, Isometric Contraction Induced Widespread Hypoalgesia in Healthy Participants

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: Exercise may reduce pain sensitivity. This phenomenon called exercise-induced hypoalgesia is observed in different types of exercises and involves the activation of endogenous pain modulation systems. Although the effect of limb exercise on pain sensitivity has often been tested, few studies explored the impact of back exercises that are often used to treat low back pain. The main objective is to measure the effect of back-muscle exercise on pain sensitivity and compare it to the effect of a limb-muscle exercise.Methods: Twenty-three participants who were pain-free performed a 4-min wrist flexion isometric contraction followed by a 4-min low back extension, separated by a 20-min break. Pressure pain thresholds were tested at two low back (S1 spinous process, lumbar erector spinae muscle) and two wrist (capitate bone, wrist flexor muscles) sites before and after each exercise. For each exercise, sites were considered as remote or local in relation to the muscles contracted during the exercise. An independent sample of 11 participants was recruited to confirm the influence of low back extension on pain sensitivity.Results: Wrist exercise induced a larger increase in pain sensitivity than back exercise at the remote site. Only wrist exercise induced a hypoalgesia effect at both the local and the remote sites. Back exercise induced a similar effect in the independent sample.Conclusions: This study showed that back and wrist exercises induced a distinct effect on pain sensitivity in participants who were pain-free. The wrist exercise induced a systemic reduction in pain sensitivity (locally and remotely), whereas the back exercise did not. This differential effect may be present because wrist exercise induced most fatigue compared with the back exercise.

show abstract

Section: Differential Effect Of Wrist and Back Exercises On Pptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wrist, but Not Back, Isometric Contraction Induced Widespread Hypoalgesia in Healthy Participants

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Anecdotally, we have observed strength improvements similar to those reported in the present study. However, due to the additional potential benefits for pain control, 2 gene expression levels (leading to atrophy reduction), 3 and muscle excitation, 4 our use of the modality heavily favors earlier over middle-or late-phase postoperative use. As BFR has shown to be safe following surgery, [5][6][7] we initiate BFR therapy anywhere from day 2 to day 14 postoperatively, depending on patient presentation and tolerance, often with reduced cuff pressure in the first several sessions prior to increasing to the recommended therapeutic occlusion level.…”

Section: See Related Article On Page 2860mentioning

confidence: 99%

Editorial Commentary: Blood Flow Restriction Therapy Continues to Prove Effective

LaPrade¹,

Monson²,

Schoenecker³

2021

Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Blood flow restriction (BFR) training continues to look promising to try and maintain muscle mass or to rebuild muscle mass and strength after injury or surgery. Because additional potential benefits include pain control, increased gene expression (leading to atrophy reduction), and muscle excitation, our use of the modality favors earlier over middleor late-phase postoperative use. We initiate BFR therapy 2-14 days postoperatively, often with reduced cuff pressure in the first several sessions before increasing to the recommended therapeutic occlusion level. We have observed the greatest benefit for individuals who are noneweight-bearing for 6 to 8 weeks and who may have more postoperative restrictions due to the nature of the surgery. Compared with the opposite thigh, we have seen instances in which quadriceps girth has been preserved, although not increased, following the noneweight-bearing period. Ideally, we use 1 to 3 low-load resistance training exercises per session at least 2 times per week for 6 weeks. We also employ BFR following osteotomy or any procedure where bone drilling is used, as researchers have observed improved bone health. Additional benefits relevant to the early postoperative phase, such as effusion and pain reduction, have not been clearly established. Anecdotally, we have seen effusion levels temporarily increase during treatment but then resolve to baseline within 30 to 60 minutes of tourniquet deflation. Further high-level research is necessary to objectively validate BFR use and which patients may best benefit from it.

show abstract

“…EIH describes a decrease in pain sensitivity after an acute bout of exercise. EIH, as a pain modulation tool, has important implications in several medical areas [92,93].…”

Section: Pain Sensitivity Is Related To the Quality Of Microcirculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Voice perturbations under the stress overload in young individuals: phenotyping and suboptimal health as predictors for cascading pathologies

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Verbal communication is one of the most sophisticated human motor skills reflecting both—the mental and physical health of an individual. Voice parameters and quality changes are usually secondary towards functional and/or structural laryngological alterations under specific systemic processes, syndrome and pathologies. These include but are not restricted to dry mouth and Sicca syndromes, body dehydration, hormonal alterations linked to pubertal, menopausal, and andropausal status, respiratory disorders, gastrointestinal reflux, autoimmune diseases, endocrinologic disorders, underweight versus overweight and obesity, and diabetes mellitus. On the other hand, it is well-established that stress overload is a significant risk factor of cascading pathologies, including but not restricted to neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, stroke, and cancers. Our current study revealed voice perturbations under the stress overload as a potentially useful biomarker to identify individuals in suboptimal health conditions who might be strongly predisposed to associated pathologies. Contextually, extended surveys applied in the population might be useful to identify, for example, persons at high risk for respiratory complications under pandemic conditions such as COVID-19. Symptoms of dry mouth syndrome, disturbed microcirculation, altered sense regulation, shifted circadian rhythm, and low BMI were positively associated with voice perturbations under the stress overload. Their functional interrelationships and relevance for cascading associated pathologies are presented in the article. Automated analysis of voice recordings via artificial intelligence (AI) has a potential to derive digital biomarkers. Further, predictive machine learning models should be developed that allows for detecting a suboptimal health condition based on voice recordings, ideally in an automated manner using derived digital biomarkers. Follow-up stratification and monitoring of individuals in suboptimal health conditions are recommended using disease-specific cell-free nucleic acids (ccfDNA, ctDNA, mtDNA, miRNA) combined with metabolic patterns detected in body fluids. Application of the cost-effective targeted prevention within the phase of reversible health damage is recommended based on the individualised patient profiling.

show abstract

Low intensity blood flow restriction exercise: Rationale for a hypoalgesia effect

Cited by 32 publications

References 129 publications

Wrist, but Not Back, Isometric Contraction Induced Widespread Hypoalgesia in Healthy Participants

Wrist, but Not Back, Isometric Contraction Induced Widespread Hypoalgesia in Healthy Participants

Editorial Commentary: Blood Flow Restriction Therapy Continues to Prove Effective

Voice perturbations under the stress overload in young individuals: phenotyping and suboptimal health as predictors for cascading pathologies

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About